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揭秘转基因十大谣言真相

2017-08-02 12:46:23   中国农业新闻网

谣言六:目前市场上销售的圣女果、紫薯、彩椒等都是转基因品种

目前我国市场上销售的圣女果、紫薯、彩椒等都不是转基因品种。

植物是大自然赋予人类的宝贵财富,人类在长期的农耕实践中对野生植物进行栽培和驯化,从而形成了丰富的作物类型。我国市场上所有的圣女果、紫薯、彩椒等都是自然演变和人工选择产生的品种。

转基因产品可以分为两类:一类是我国自己种植和生产的转基因抗虫棉和转基因抗病毒番木瓜;另外一类是从国外进口的转基因大豆、转基因玉米、转基因油菜、转基因甜菜和转基因棉花,主要用作加工原料。

谣言七:转基因食品会致癌,导致不孕不育

通过科学评价批准上市的转基因产品是安全的。

为保障转基因产品安全,国际食品法典委员会、联合国粮农组织、世界卫生组织等制定了一系列转基因生物安全评价标准,成为全球公认的评价准则。依照这些评价准则,各国制定了相应的评价规范和标准。从科学研究上讲,众多国际专业机构对转基因产品的安全性已有权威结论,通过批准上市的转基因产品是安全的。从生产和消费实践看,20年转基因作物商业化累计种植300多亿亩,至今未发现被证实的转基因食品安全事件。因此,经过科学家安全评价、政府严格审批的转基因产品是安全的。

谣言八:抗虫转基因作物虫子吃了会死,对人体同样有害

实际上,抗虫转基因作物对人无害。

抗虫转基因作物中的Bt蛋白是一种高度专一的杀虫蛋白,只能与棉铃虫等鳞翅目害虫肠道上皮细胞的特异性受体结合,引起肠穿孔,导致害虫死亡,而其他昆虫、哺乳动物和人类肠道细胞没有Bt蛋白的结合位点,因此不会对其他昆虫和哺乳动物造成伤害,更不会影响到人类健康。

另外,人类发现Bt蛋白已有100年,Bt制剂作为生物杀虫剂的安全使用记录已有70多年,至今没有Bt制剂引起过敏反应的报告。

谣言九:转基因作物不增产,对生产没有任何作用

转基因农作物的增产效果是客观存在的。现阶段广泛商业化种植的转基因作物并不以增产为直接目的,有着更高产量和其他更优良特性的转基因作物,是下一代转基因作物研发的方向。

农业上的增产与否受多种因素影响,转基因抗虫、抗除草剂品种能减少害虫和杂草危害,减少产量损失,加快了少耕、免耕栽培技术的推广,实际起到了增产的效果。如巴西、阿根廷等国种植转基因大豆后产量大幅度提高;南非推广种植转基因抗虫玉米后,单产提高了一倍,由玉米进口国变成了出口国;印度引进转基因抗虫棉后,也由棉花进口国变成了出口国。

谣言十:种植转基因抗除草剂作物会产生“超级杂草”

转基因抗除草剂作物不会成为无法控制的“超级杂草”。

1995年在加拿大的油菜地里发现了个别油菜植株可以抗1-3种除草剂,因而有人称它为“超级杂草”。事实上,这种油菜在喷施另一种除草剂2,4-D后即可全部杀死。其实,“超级杂草”只是一个形象化的比喻,目前并没有证据证明“超级杂草”的存在。

责任编辑:马丽丽 CL0938
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