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南京准妈妈的血型全世界都没见过 系基因突变所致

2017-07-31 09:03:13   中国青年网

近日,江苏省血液中心输血研究室陈青研究员带领的课题组,在国际上首次发现并报道了ABO血型系统中由于新等位基因突变导致的新的A3亚型的等位基因,已被国际基因库收录并公布。

现代快报记者了解到,南京一位准妈妈在医院做产前检查时,医院检测发现她的血型有异常现象,且不能十分确定她的血型。为了精确检测这位准妈妈的血型,也为了生产时可能有备血的情况产生,医院把标本送至江苏省血液中心研究室做进一步检测。通过血清学血型复查,和进一步基因检测,江苏省血液中心输血研究室的工作人员发现这位准妈妈的ABO基因存在新的突变,该新的碱基突变导致氨基酸变化造成这位准妈妈A抗原表达减弱,从而出现异常现象。通俗意义上说,这位准妈妈的血型是A型,但由于ABO等位基因存在突变,属于A型中的A亚型。

ABO血型亚型的存在,曾引起不少啼笑皆非的误会。广东一位林先生在儿子烫伤后,发现儿子血型为B型,但他与妻子都是O型。根据血型遗传定律,林先生不可能生出B型血儿子。后来,经过反复复查,才发现原来林先生的血型为B亚型,十分罕见,被误诊为O型。

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血型基因分析

保障输血的安全性

ABO血型是人类最重要的红细胞血型系统之一,该血型系统由1900年奥地利维也纳大学病理研究所的研究员卡尔兰德斯泰纳发现,迄今发现ABO血型系统的等位基因就有380余种。

江苏省血液中心省医学重点人才、国际输血协会红细胞免疫遗传和血型术语工作组委员陈青研究员表示,输血医学是精准医疗的先行者,ABO血型的正确鉴定就是典范,其是安全有效输血的前提和基础。而血清学作为血型鉴定的经典方法,在输血医学中起重要作用,但是在分析一些疑难血型时血清学方法尚存在不足,血型基因分析在血清学方法难以区分的疑难血型案例中发挥重要作用,能进一步明确患者血型,保障患者输血的安全性和有效性。

截至目前,江苏省血液中心已发现多种有临床意义血型系统的新等位基因,丰富了人们对血型基因的进一步认识。

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