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仲裁案之后,南海的最坏结果是什么

2016-07-15 15:01:56   观察者网

报告亦对此原因明确指出:

·美国是至今还没有签署《联合国海洋法公约》的少数几个国家之一;

·所有国家承认,法庭无权决定南海任何岛礁的“主权归属问题”;

·《联合国海洋法公约》第298条规定允许各国就强制性裁定提交例外的补救性措施,中国和其他一些国家已经采取了激活这些例外的步骤……特别是,第298条规定有一条“被诉国可提交不接受一条或者更多程序的书面声明”这样的内容。具体内容是:所有国家承认,中国有权依据《联合国海洋法公约》第298条规定将涉及海域划界等争议排除在《公约》强制争端解决机制外。

总之,美国要求中国对菲律宾的诉讼做出回应,尽管美国自身尚未签署该公约,其也曾明确拒绝与执行法庭裁定。事实上,海牙法庭对中国并不具法律管辖权,因为中国并未同意成为应诉的一方,而且在很久之前就已激活了所有国家都认定合法的法律豁免权。这意味着美国怂恿菲律宾在海牙法庭起诉中国,不过是一场闹剧而已!

寒竹:南海仲裁出来后,中国的正式表态是从历史角度说,南海是我国的固有领土。这一点是肯定的,但我们还应该强调,南海归属是二战后就形成的国际秩序和国家边界。

仲裁庭的仲裁是试图改变战后的世界格局以及主权国家的边界、海域。二战期间,南海诸岛被日本占领,隶属于台湾岛管辖范围。二战以后,根据《波兹坦公告》和《开罗宣言》,这些岛屿回归中国,民国政府在这一背景下划下了十一段线。中国对这些岛礁的主权,是得到国际社会,包括西方国家承认的。

可见,南海不仅在历史上属于中国,而且从二战至今都一直属于中国,是二战后世界秩序的一部分。因此,南海仲裁试图颠覆的是二战以来的国际共识。

此外,此次仲裁庭超出了它的职权,表面宣称不划分国界,但通过化岛为礁的方式,用含混的话语试图改变中国原有的海域边界。由此可见,仲裁结果本身是违反国际法的。因此中国不应该看得太重,大可自信地表示,将遵循国际法维护自身在南海的权益。我们不按照仲裁行事,恰是维护国际法的体现。

观察者网:您认为仲裁案结果会对中国的南海政策产生什么影响?

文扬:仲裁结果是菲律宾所希望看到的,也是美日两国所努力促成的。表面上看,这一纸裁决书似乎实现了一个目标,但其实实现了两个不同的目标,因为当前的南海问题不是一个对局,而是两个互有联系又各有所图的博弈对局:一是围绕南海岛屿主权和海洋权益的声索发生冲突的争端各方,对局方主要是中、越、菲、马,也包括文莱、印尼和新加坡等;另一个是美日等国围绕中国崛起的地缘战略布局,对局方主要是中、美、日,也包括澳洲和印度等。

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