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仲裁案之后,南海的最坏结果是什么

2016-07-15 15:01:56   观察者网

在第一个对局中,博弈的进程是按“中国故事”走的,中国一直宣称属于自己的岛屿主权和海洋权益受到侵害,开展双边谈判的同时积极采取了一些维护主权的行动,如造岛和驱离等,中国的目标是在维护本国权益的同时,通过与声索冲突各方的双边谈判解决争端,共同维护南海的和平与稳定。

第二个对局原本不存在,美日澳印等国都是南海的域外国家,想要搅局并没有合适借口。但随着“重返亚太”战略的实施,美国开始在南海造局,开始编写南海的“美国故事”,试图利用第一个对局中的复杂局面,将中国推入困局,达到围堵和遏制中国这一最终的战略目的。

近年来美国在南海的一系列行动,就是一步步将两个对局结合起来,无论是派军机飞临中国的人工岛,派军舰通过邻近水域,还是拉拢菲、越等国,在香格里拉峰会上频频搞事,都是精心策划、环环相扣的步骤。

以刚刚出台的仲裁为标志,第二个对局宣告成型,“美国故事”正式开篇。从今以后,第一个对局不再重要,原本可以在各当事国双边谈判中逐步化解的问题,通过这个裁决书上升成为第二个对局中一个显见的、重大的既成事实。从现在开始,南海问题成了美日等国为维护国际公义、捍卫国际秩序,联合周边国家共同打击中国这个国际法违法者、环境破坏者、欺负小国者的“美国大片”。

这是当前南海问题的实质,也是中国真正的危险所在。

宋鲁郑:南海仲裁结果的影响取决于三方:中国的反应,美国的反应,越南和菲律宾的反应。各方反应也会相互激化或引发另一方的反应。目前来看,各方都维持平静,处于观察态势的阶段。因为这个裁决不具有执行力,各方都还在控制,基本不会改变或者放弃主权的声索。另外,台湾方面也基本上不承认也不接受,安排军舰去太平岛,日韩则各说各话。但这件事造成中国在国际社会舆论上失分,需要在道义上展开争论,这必然引发中国的不悦。所以,下一步中国如何反应非常重要。

南海局势本身是否会有进展升级,取决于三个事件:第一,美国是否加大了南海的军事行动;第二,中国是否在黄岩岛扩建;第三,中国是否会宣布南海的防空识别区。当然,中国继续在黄岩岛之外地区扩建岛屿也是观察点。

现在全球化时代还有很多事情会影响到南海局势。比如奥地利的总统大选重新开始,欧洲难民的安排方案,明年三月的荷兰选举,五月法国的选举等等,如果欧洲进一步解体或者有大型恐怖袭击事件,都将成为中国采取行动的背景。还有一个因素是,菲律宾新政府和以前采取的策略也不一样。目前至少在表面上菲律宾是第一当事人。

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