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仲裁案之后,南海的最坏结果是什么

2016-07-15 15:01:56   观察者网

情理之外,意料之中。7月12日,菲律宾南海仲裁案仲裁庭不顾中国政府多次表明不接受、不参与、不承认、不执行的立场,还是作出了非法无效的所谓最终裁决。由于某些国家的卖力渲染,海内外对南海仲裁案都抱以极大关注。据不完全统计,目前至少66个国家,通过国家元首、总理、外交部、外长或防长等的表态,明确支持中国在南海的立场。然而君子周而不比,小人比而不周。非法的仲裁结果宣布后,美日随即妄称南海仲裁有“约束力”。

纷争似乎不会马上平息。仲裁结果会不会给紧张的南海局势上带来新的波澜?中国的南海政策是否会发生变化?周边小国是否会效仿菲律宾的行径?中国又将如何应对?与此同时,中美关系是否会因此陷入僵局?

就上述问题,观察者网访问了在国际关系及地缘政治领域卓有建树的8位专家,其中包括复旦大学中国研究院研究员寒竹、文扬、宋鲁郑、中国人民大学国际关系学院教授金灿荣、王义桅、复旦大学国际政治系副教授沈逸、复旦大学美国研究中心副主任宋国友、伦敦前副市长观察者网特约作者罗思义等,为各位一一分析。

观察者网:您如何评价仲裁庭这一非法的仲裁结果?它对中国是否具有约束力?

文扬:裁决书的内容,比事先预期的更严厉、更恶劣。大体上,可以归结为“两个剥夺”和“三顶帽子”。“两个剥夺”,一是剥夺了中国在“九段线”内的历史性权利,二是剥夺了中国对于南沙群岛的主权。“三顶帽子”,一是说中国侵犯了菲律宾的海洋权益,二是说中国破坏了南海的海洋环境,三是说中国加剧了南海争端。

罗思义:这个所谓的海牙法庭南海仲裁结果,毫无法律效力可言。美国支持菲律宾采取这种行动无异于自打耳光。我们回顾一下美国执行国际法的前科:

·美国至今没有签署菲律宾提出诉讼所依据的《联合国海洋法公约》(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea);

·1986年,尼加拉瓜控告美国军事支持尼加拉瓜叛乱分子颠覆左翼桑地诺政府。海牙国际仲裁法庭裁定尼加拉瓜胜诉,并宣布美国违反国际法,美国立即宣布裁定无效,拒绝接受或执行该裁定。

美国著名智库布鲁金斯学会2016年5月发布的《论南海法律的局限性》(Limits of Law in the South China Sea)报告,甚至从狭义的法律角度明确指出,菲律宾单方面上诉到海牙法庭属于欺诈性质,以及美国支持菲律宾所带来的后果。该报告承认:“菲律宾在《联合国海洋法公约》下上诉中国的判决结果出来之前,不仅不会解决问题,反而会对解决问题造成重大障碍。”

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