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媒体披露南海仲裁庭收费标准:花钱买的就是"身份"

2016-07-20 08:34:27   人民日报

2015年2月3日,仲裁庭书记处通知当事双方支付第二笔仲裁开支150万欧元,要求中菲各付75万欧元。当年3月菲律宾支付75万欧元,4月又“代”中方支付75万欧元。

2016年1月,仲裁庭书记处通知当事双方支付第三笔也是最后一笔仲裁开支85万欧元,要求中菲各付42.5万欧元。当年3月菲律宾支付了42.5万欧元,4月又“代”中方支付了42.5万欧元。

一个当事方的费用可以由另一个当事方代付、垫付或者替付吗?

临时仲裁庭在所谓最终裁决中有这么一段解释:“常设仲裁法院可分期要求当事方预付同等金额的仲裁费。如一方未能在45天内支付,仲裁庭可通知双方,以便某方支付费用。本案当事方曾被三次要求付费。菲律宾按时支付了费用,中国没有。在被告知中方未能付费之后,菲律宾支付了中国的费用。”

反正只要能推进程序,钱不是事儿,合不合理也不是事儿。

见钱就开的仲裁庭

联合国国际法院法律专家毕家玮在接受新华社记者采访时说,南海仲裁案、仲裁庭乃至常设仲裁法院与联合国没有任何关系。理论上讲,只要肯花钱,花大价钱,国家、企业或个人都可以通过这些所谓的仲裁庭打官司。

民事官司、商业纠纷,收点诉讼费、劳务费,本无可指摘。

只是,官司涉及国际争端,当事方是国家政府,如何摒除国家实力、财力等一切外界干扰因素,保持司法的中立、公正,是重要考量。

例如,归属联合国的国际法院,在审理涉及国际问题时,法官的酬金、薪水一概由联合国支付,以保证司法人员客观中立。而具体到南海仲裁案中,容许一方包办仲裁费的做法极易影响仲裁判断。

法律人士解读,在国际仲裁事务中,这种程序可能导致仲裁庭的极度偏颇。而且,在很多仲裁案中,仲裁员是可以与当事方议价的,在只有一方愿意支付的仲裁案中,很难不让人联想到仲裁员的仲裁取向是否会向出资方偏移。

像南海仲裁案这种单方提起、单方参与,最终做出荒唐无效的判决并非没有先例。

2013年,荷兰就俄罗斯扣押一艘荷兰籍破冰船一事提出仲裁申请,而俄罗斯认为仲裁庭无管辖权拒绝参加。最终荷兰为俄方垫付了15万欧元仲裁费,单方面强行推进仲裁。仲裁庭做出要求俄罗斯赔偿损失的裁决,俄罗斯没有接受仲裁结果。

常设仲裁法院中国仲裁员、中国社会科学院国际法研究所研究员刘楠来认为,这类仲裁属滥用国际法,给国际法治留下的反面判例。如果在无法取得一方认可的情况下,所有的国际争端都走向单方面仲裁,那么,国际法的权威就会受到毁灭性冲击,有悖“定纷止争”的国际法精神。

重金砸出的荒唐

如果菲律宾花费了总计3000万美元用于南海仲裁案,刨去向常设仲裁法院支付的285万欧元,剩余部分可能都用在了律师团和证人身上。

菲律宾南海仲裁案的菲方律师团队共8人,包括美国国际法知名律师保罗·雷切尔。他曾代理尼加拉瓜诉美国支持反政府武装一案,以及多起涉及国际争端的案件,手法老到。

在南海仲裁案中,涉及临时仲裁庭管辖权和可受理性的问题上,雷切尔可能发挥了重要作用。本是南海岛礁的“领土主权问题”,经过律师团队的包装,再与临时仲裁庭“妥善接洽”,一场披着法律外衣的政治闹剧由此出炉。

刘楠来指出,从所谓“最终裁决”中透露出的几个细节都值得推敲。其中,临时仲裁庭只指派了一名地理、水文专家考察,那么这一专家提供的材料是否全面、是否真实中立是个疑问。“至少可以说,仲裁庭是单方面取信,听了一面之词,证据链不完整。”

耄耋之年的刘楠来坦言,在他经历的众多案件之中,南海仲裁案算是最荒唐一例了。

(新华社北京7月18日电)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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