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消费金融爆发式增长 谨防风险

2017-09-27 13:26:38   

与此同时,欺诈风险也是消费金融面临的严峻挑战。消费金融贷款金额小,申请数量大,有的还是全线上操作,给了一些人可乘之机。以分期购物起家的乐信CEO肖文杰说,有人甚至到农村花钱收身份证用于诈骗。因为农村很多用户并无任何借贷或信用记录(俗称“白户”),更容易在消费金融平台上骗贷成功。

和传统金融业务相比,消费金融产品多数不需要抵押、担保,申请门槛相对较低,对个人信用的依赖度较高。因此,“过度消费”和欺诈风险频发的同时,消费金融的不良率也在攀升。

银监会数据显示,截至2016年9月末,已批准开业的15家消费金融公司行业资产总额为1077.23亿元,贷款余额为970.29亿元,平均不良贷款率为4.11%(2016年末商业银行不良率为1.74%)。而就在2015年9月,这一指标为2.85%。一年之内不良率增长44%,引起了多方关注。

与此同时,银行信用卡业务的风险系数也在上升。根据央行发布的《2017年第一季度支付体系运营总体情况》,截至一季度末,信用卡逾期半年未偿信贷总额为604.7亿元,环比增长12.89%,占信用卡应偿余额的1.5%,较上季度末上升0.1个百分点。而2016年的年度数据显示,2016年,信用卡逾期半年未偿信贷总额为535.68亿元,同比增长40.9%。由于国内信用卡业务发展迅速,信用卡的“过度授信”或者“重复授信”导致银行存在不小的潜在风险。

值得注意的是,有些消费金融公司为了扩张规模、追求利润,还铤而走险进行各类违法违规操作,使得整个行业的风险指数更为加剧。

今年8月,北京银监局公开了对北银消费金融有限公司的处罚决定,北银消费金融被给予合计900万元的行政处罚,四位高层人员也接受处罚。行政处罚信息公开表显示,北银消费金融贷款和同业业务严重违反审慎经营规则、超经营范围开展业务、提供虚假且隐瞒重要事实的报表、开展监管叫停业务等。

这已经不是北银消费金融首次被监管开出罚单。2016年6月30日,北银消费金融因“当事人变相突破监管规定发放贷款;贷款管理存在严重问题,造成个人消费贷款用途不真实,部分资金被挪用;无合理理由和充分证据的情况下上调贷款风险分类,资产质量严重不实”,被罚款人民币150万元。

  大数据征信成发展方向

随着中国经济持续转型,消费金融面临巨大的发展机遇。然而,快速发展带来的金融风险亦不可忽视。

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