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消费金融爆发式增长谨防风险

2017-09-27 07:12:53   

随着消费成为经济增长的主要驱动力,我国的消费金融进入爆发期。数据显示,今年1至8月,我国居民新增消费性短期贷款达1.28万亿元,新增总额已达去年全年的1.54倍。多方预测显示,“十三五”期间我国的消费信贷余额将达到10万亿级的规模,年化增长率在20%以上。

市场的巨大潜力正吸引各大机构“跑步”进入这一领域,除了商业银行、持牌消费金融公司,大型电商平台和部分网贷平台也纷纷杀入这一领域。值得注意的是,在规模迅速扩张的同时,“恶意欺诈”、“过度消费”等负面词汇困扰着行业发展,一些机构的业务违规发展、过度授信也给整个行业蒙上了一层阴影。

业内人士建议,从金融机构的角度出发,宜借助金融科技的发展,加强自身风控能力,而从监管的角度而言,则应加快整个社会征信体系的建设,推动消费金融市场的健康发展。

机构跑步进入消费金融规模大增

Talking Data发布的《2017年消费金融行业发展报告》显示,2012年至2016年,我国消费信贷余额呈现不断上升的趋势,消费信贷占贷款总额的比重也不断提高,消费信贷在金融机构贷款中的地位逐渐提高。

上述报告还显示,消费信贷与GDP的比值不断提升,2016年,该比值突破30%,消费信贷对于经济发展的支持作用增强。2010年以来,除了房贷、车贷之外的短期普惠消费性贷款占比不断增加,由2010年的12.7%增长至2015年的21.6%,2016年,其占比虽然有所回落,但仍然保持在19.7%的较高值上。

Wind数据也显示,2017年1至8月,居民新增消费性短期贷款达1.28万亿元,累计同比多增7833亿元。而2016全年新增消费性短期贷款总额仅8305亿元,今年前8个月新增总额已达去年全年的1.54倍。另外,今年上半年,我国GDP增速为6.9%,而同期消费增速为10.4%。消费对国民经济贡献度的提高,少不了消费金融的支撑。

消费金融的快速增长,也吸引了大量机构的进入和投入。商业银行是消费金融行业的主要参与者之一,其推出的消费金融产品种类繁多,主要包括信用卡和消费贷款。值得注意的是,近年来,不少银行在贷款和业务结构上都发生了变化,逐步加大对消费贷款的投入力度。

近期披露完毕的A股上市银行2017年中报显示,今年以来银行消费贷款规模均有不同程度的增长,多家银行突破千亿。其中,平安银行上半年消费金融余额达2770.90亿元,同比增长255.49%。建设银行个人消费贷款以电子渠道个人自助贷款“建行快贷”带动业务发展,个人消费贷款余额1580.76亿元,较上年末增加830.37亿元,增幅也达到110.66%。另外,截至2017年7月末,招行消费贷款余额较年初增加约200亿元,其中信用贷款增加约100亿元,占比约达50%,其中“闪电贷”余额在今年5月已突破百亿。

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