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机构跑步进入消费金融 三大掣肘成待解魔咒

2017-09-27 11:22:52   

  资金成本居高不下 寻各路资金“开源节流”

面对着一片蓝海,消费金融公司本可以大有作为,但资金成本、运营成本以及风控成本居高不下成为发展道路上的“拦路虎”。

消费金融公司的利润空间来自于贷款服务收益与成本的差额。对消费金融行业而言,由于资金来源渠道的不尽相同,资金来源至关重要,它决定了消费金融公司资金成本的高低。

根据TalkingData发布的数据显示,在资金端成本上,目前银行系平均成本为5%左右,其他公司平台成本5%—12%。具体而言,将资金来源进行分类:银行即吸收公众存款的成本为1.75%左右,股东资金的成本在2—4.5%,发行金融债券的成本在3—5%,同业拆借的成本在2.5—5%,ABS的成本在3—8%,机构资金的成本在5—10%,P2P理财资金的成本在6—15%。

为降低资金成本,当前各互联网消费金融公司都在积极寻求银行借贷、获取互联网小贷牌照、或通过发行ABS等方式以“开源节流”。

以趣店为例,成立于2014年的趣店,早期资金来源几乎全部为P2P。随着业务的发展,趣店逐渐减少了P2P资金的比例。2016年,趣店来自P2P资金的交易额度为80.99亿元,占总交易额的63.7%;而到了2017年上半年,趣店来自P2P资金的交易额度为2.75亿元,占总交易额的1.3%。在2017年4月,趣店已经完全停止了与P2P平台的资金合作。

目前,趣店的资金来源有自有资金及合作机构资金。其中,自有资金主要来源于自己的网络小贷公司及与其他信托公司合作成立信托。

当然,寻求降低资金成本的不止趣店一家。近日被媒体爆出面临哈尔滨银行“断粮”压力的佰仟金融,其辽宁分公司宣布解散,也证明了当前降低资金端成本的迫切性。

在过去的三年多以来,哈尔滨银行和佰仟金融保持着密切的关系。然而,据媒体报道,今年8月,佰仟金融与哈尔滨银行的战略合作关系将发生变化,哈尔滨银行对佰仟金融的支持力度将出现大幅下降。哈尔滨银行上半年财报显示,消费贷款余额增幅仅为14.7%,相比2016年同期58.2%的增幅大幅减小。

“对于消费金融公司来说,资金端来源比较有限,通过P2P、自有资金是不够的,而从银行获取资金对互联网公司来说也比较困难。” 曹磊告诉央广网记者。

  坏账压力不容小觑 征信缺失下风控成本攀升

除资金成本外,消费金融公司面临的运营成本以及风险成本的压力也不容小觑。其中,运营成本主要为营销推广、人员、系统建设、征信数据接入和逾期催收成本。在初期投入加大后,后期形成规模效应,但催收成本却持续上升。

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