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京城按揭贷压力测试:房价“非典型性下跌” 监管严控杠杆率

2017-09-26 07:32:57   中国经济网

而国家统计局发布的数据显示,今年8月份,一线城市房价环比继续下降,北京二手住宅价格环比7月份下降0.9%,跌幅连续4个月全国第一。另据媒体报道,伟业我爱我家集团副总裁胡景晖表示,5月份至今的4个月时间里,北京全市二手房成交均价与“3·17新政”前相比回落了10%左右,“尤其是近郊和远郊区的高总价、大户型的非普通住宅均价跌幅更大。”

银行房贷承压能力有上限

由于房贷业务天然的杠杆特征,其对于房价波动的承受能力自然与首付比例、业务占比、毛利率等高度相关。

从首付比例来看,京城首套房按揭贷款通常要求首付30%,部分购房人违规加杠杆,通过消费贷、房抵贷等形式加大杠杆,其对于房价波动的承受力显然低于合规客户,本报对于此类违规行为已于9月5日进行了报道。监管部门对于此类加杠杆的行为也毫不手软:北京银监局、人民银行营业管理部9月5日傍晚已联合印发《北京银监局人行营业管理部关于开展银行个人贷款资金违规进入房地产市场情况检查的通知》,要求北京市辖内的银行业金融机构针对个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款开展自查工作,重点检查“房抵贷”等资金违规流入房地产市场的情况。

对于银行业整体的情况,平安证券日前发布的《中国房地产深度研究报告》认为,房价下跌20%就会给银行业带来巨大压力,房地产行业风险一旦爆发,农商行和股份制银行将首当其冲,国有商业银行抗风险能力较强。各类银行的风险水平排序是:五大行<城商行<股份制商业银行<农商行。报告估计,截止到2017年上半年,我国商业银行涉房贷款总规模模约43.3万亿元,占各项贷款余额37.8%,占银行总资产25.5%。其中,个人住房贷款20.1万亿,房地产开发贷款7.8万亿元,其他房地产贷款1.8万亿元,以房地产作为抵押物的其他贷款13.6万亿元。如果房价出现大规模下跌,接近四成的银行贷款都可能受到关联影响。从上市银行的情况来看,据《证券日报》记者统计,25家A股上市银行今年上半年合计的涉房贷款为22.6万亿元,其中,住房按揭贷款余额合计为17.92万亿元;房地产开发贷款合计4.68万亿元。

报告还提示,房地产市场的波动可能从三个渠道影响银行贷款的风险。首先,持有资产价值渠道,房价下跌意味着借款人被动违约的概率上升,银行贷款信用风险加大;其次,房产销售渠道,房价下跌将直接导致开发商销售回款下降,进而导致其资产负债表受损而影响开发贷的偿付;最后,抵押品价值渠道,房价下跌时房地产抵押品价值缩水、流动性变差,可能导致银行收回资金减少,还会降低银行未来贷款的意愿。

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