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同业存单“缩量”:净融资负增长 银行负债结构优化

2017-09-24 10:36:51   中国经济网

“我们的同业存单存量目前还没有收缩,只是9月的发行价格太高,我们暂停了发行。”华中某城商行人士表示。多名受访中小银行金融市场部人士向21世纪经济报道记者表示,目前银行发行同业存单的主要动力有别于半年前。半年前银行发行存单主要是为了投资,而现在主要是为了补充流动性。“我们不管是同业存单,还是同业负债的规模都在下降,主要是因为监管指标的要求,委外都在收缩,杠杆也在降低。”上述某农商行人士表示。

8月底,央行公告自2017年9月1日起,金融机构不得新发行期限超过1年(不含)的同业存单。在8月中上旬,《2017年第二季度货币政策执行报告》已披露拟于 2018 年一季度评估时起,将资产规模5000亿元以上的银行发行的一年以内同业存单纳入MPA同业负债占比指标进行考核。据统计,有19家银行将受此影响,而多名受访银行人士也表示,早些时候地方人民银行已经传递了相关信号,在发行方面已经有所计划。

另外,从购买方的角度,上述华中某城商行人士表示,相较于货币基金,考虑到货币基金免税和期限灵活的优势,货基的配置优势仍然高于同业存单。

对于9月是否将是同业存单市场“缩量”的拐点,上述华北某农商行人士认为,一方面要看到9月的特殊性,9月为季末,加上缴税和央行“削峰填谷”方向未变,另一方面,银行“三三四”检查还未完全结束,监管易紧难松,货币基金投资同业存单新规尚待落地,同业存单不管从量还是价上都可能出现拐点。

同样公布于8月底,将于10月1日执行的《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》规定,货币基金投资于主体信用评级低于AAA级的机构发行的包括同业存单在内的金融工具占基金资产净值的比例合计不得超过10%,其中单一机构发行的金融工具占基金资产净值的比例合计不得超过2%,意味着部分货基可能需要减持同业存单。

同业存单的结构之变

截至9月20日,同业存单存量是8.29万亿元,比去年末增加1.99万亿元。对于同业存单的判断,规模本身并不能说明问题,更多要看到其在银行负债结构中的占比,以及其在同业链条中的角色。

由于目前银监会最新只公布了截至7月末的总资产和总负债数据,且以7月数据来看。截至7月末,商业银行业总负债为169.76万亿元,环比甚至有略微下降;同业存单的规模为8.42万亿元,即,同业存单占商业银行总负债的5%。而去年7月,这个比例为3.5%(5.3/152.1).

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