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深化铁路改革是攻坚战和持久战

2017-09-24 07:36:52   中国经济网

但通过现实发展却证明,在这种政企不分的体制下,中国铁路却取得了巨大发展成就,铁路行业整体性走到世界前列,中国高铁已是中国为数不多领先世界的发展成果。相反,一些深化改革行进较早的行业和领域,却业绩平平,甚至发展成效甚微。

由此,笔者认为,关于深化改革,令学界最尴尬的一个案例就是铁路。它给进一步深化国企改革,特别是铁路改革提出了一个重要命题,就是下一步,当如何深化国企改革,特别是铁路改革?

铁路改革走到今天,已完成铁路办社会相关系统剥离(1998年)、主辅分离(2003年)、顶层企业化改制(2013年),现进入公司制改革阶段。综上所述,今天所面对深化铁路改革,真正的原因不是因为其负债重、垄断、效率低、体制不活,而是为了在现有基础上,加快公司化改制,适应市场化发展,做强做大做优铁路,特别是加快发展以铁路为核心的多式联运,做大做强现代物流,让铁路企业、行业、产业更具有创造力。

怎样深化铁路改革?

从现在的铁路实际看,2013年由铁道部变身的铁总,与其他早已完成企业化、市场化、资本化,甚至证券化改革的国企相比,“政企分开、政资分开、政事分开、政社分开”还在逐步理顺中,市场化经营发展机制还未成熟建立,公司制企业人事机构设置、产权所有制、资产监督等制度都需要建立和完善,铁总与各铁路局、所属公司的权力、业务、清算等界面还需进一步明晰,铁路整体效率效益提升还有较大空间,进一步深化铁路改革有利于促进铁路健康持续发展。但是,对于深化铁路改革的路径,应有清晰的认识。

深化铁路企业改革,必须坚持“六个有利于”。从中央层面看,必须坚持“三个有利于”:有利于国有资本保值增值,有利于提高国有经济竞争力,有利于放大国有资本功能。这是中央实施做强做大做优国有企业的重大战略决策和推进国有企业改革的原则。从国家和铁路层面看,必须坚持“三个有利于”:有利于保持路网完整性、有利于运输集中统一指挥、有利于提高运输效率。这是中国铁路改革发展的经验和教训,是铁路深化改革的底线,绝不应突破。

深化铁路改革是做大做强,而不是“拆分”。有专家认为“铁路深化改革的关键问题是铁路网是否能够拆分,这个问题不解决,铁路改革重组就难以推进;建立三大公司负责各自管内的调度指挥,具有投资决策财产处置的权利,成为真正的市场主体”等言论,纯属误导舆论。

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