新闻 > 经济
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China

深化铁路改革是攻坚战和持久战

2017-09-24 07:36:52   中国经济网

但是,通过数据分析,当年中国铁路货物发送量是美国的1.96倍、俄罗斯的2.44倍、印度的3.47倍;货物周转量与美国持平,比俄罗斯多1033.4亿吨公里,是印度的3.58倍;旅客周转量是美国的115.8倍、俄罗斯的9.28倍、日本的4.59倍,超印度1亿多人公里;客货运输换算密度是美国的2.66倍、日本的2.05倍,比俄罗斯多105万换算吨公里/公里,比印度多179万换算吨公里/公里。

不仅如此,近十年来,就世界范围而言,中国铁路旅客周转量、货物发送量、货物周转量、换算密度世界第一。中国铁路以占世界9%的铁路,完成世界近30%客货换算运输周转量。如果以美国铁路运输效率衡量,中国铁路是以10万多公里铁路承担了30万公里以上铁路任务量,等于中国少修10万公里铁路。按照每公里平均1亿元的造价计算,不仅为国家节省10 万亿元,还节约巨量土地等社会宝贵资源。

从经营效益看,铁总2016年总收入9074.48亿元,2017年将突破1万亿。按照铁路“十三五”规划,2020年铁总年总收入超过2万亿。从表面看,总收入与其总资产不匹配,净利润极低。但究其根本,铁总和其他国有企业却有特殊之处。

因为铁总(原铁道部)长期以来代表中央政府投资铁路基础建设、承担公益性运输,也就是铁路建设,名义上是国家投入,实际上绝大多数是需要铁路企业自筹资金、银行贷款等途径进行。在此情况下,铁路建设不是按照企业效益最大化投入的,而是为了国家和人民群众利益最大化建设投入的,并且还有严格市场价格管制。

很多投入效益,并不是体现在铁路,而是体现更多行业和地域,让全社会受益。根据中国铁路经济规划研究院数据,铁路投资与相关产业产出比例为1∶10,铁路有40%的投资通过材料费、人工费和人员费等形式用在当地消费上。这种宏观的收益,往往被舆论忽略,而一味指责铁路狭义的资产资本收益率低。

据统计,仅“十一五”“十二五”这十年,全国铁路职工(以210万人计),人均贡献资金超过600万元。如果以一个市场化程度高的中央企业衡量,就意味着这10年间,铁路企业从业人员人均少收入至少600万元。

因为不关注这些巨大的“边际效应”和“沉默贡献”,在一些媒体经济学家眼里,面对国企,特别是中央企业,盈利能力强,被认为“国进民退”;盈利能力弱,则被认为效率低下。笔者认为,这是一种悖论。

第四,从体制方面看,铁路确实存在政企不分问题,特别是原铁道部管理模式。对此,社会舆论普遍认为,铁道部是所谓计划经济的最后一个“堡垒”,制约了行业和社会的发展,将本世纪初之前的铁路发展滞后问题都归结于此,提出铁路早应深化改革发展。直至2013年3月次完成了顶层企业化改制。

上一页3/7下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170924/31507965_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/15 23:48:07

Powered by China
China