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南京银行利润迷局:营收暴跌 银行会计如何调出利润

2017-09-22 11:22:19   中国经济网

但是利息净收入和中间业务收入同时大幅减少,就有点“方”了:两只口袋都空了,只能干瞪眼。

获取收入难度加大:成本收入比从优等生阵列滑落

南京银行过去几年营收迅速增长,被资本市场看好,维持相对较高市盈率的一个重要原因在于其获取收入能力比较强,体现在财务数据上就是最近几年成本收入比持续下降。但是最近这一指标开始出现恶化趋势,转降为升。

下图是南京银行近几年成本收入比变动趋势图:

成本收入比是衡量银行获取收入能力的一个重要指标,该比值越低,意味着支出单位成本,银行能获取的收入越高。

从图中可以看到,南京银行的成本收入比从2013年的31.03%,下降到2015年末的24.1%,在2016年末略微上升至24.8%,整体上改良趋势较为明显。但是,2017年上半年,成本收入比上升到26.75%。

前几年,银行业整体的成本收入比都有所改善,在今年中期大环境有压力的情况下,有所反弹也在情理之中。但是,与行业整体情况相比,南京银行的状况显然要更严峻一些。

2016年,南京银行成本收入比在25家上市银行中,位列第四低,进入优等生序列。但是,到了今年上半年,排名已经降到第14位,变成了普通生。

以后继续努力,成本收入比也许还有改善空间,不排除重回优等生序列的可能性。但是,有一点需要投资者关注:银行业竞争某种意义上就是规模竞争,像工商银行这样的国有大行其实是有很多天然优势,而规模较小的城商行,在竞争中有许多需要克服的劣势。

以资金成本为例,由于遍布全国城乡的分支机构,工商银行能够在更大的范围获取低成本资金。而且,由于各地资金成本存在差异,大银行可以将在成本洼地获取的资金,投放到收益较高的地区,实现全局的资金调配,从而增强收入获取能力。

在市场遭遇下行压力之时,大银行的这种优势就越发明显。数据为证:今年中期,工商银行的成本收入比为21%,较上年末下降4.9个百分点,成为获取收入能力最强的上市银行。同期,建设银行的成本收入比也从27.49%下降到22.3%,降幅达到5.19个百分点。

而中小型城商行,压力则会比较大。尽管南京银行主要业务收入来源于以江苏为主的长三角,当地经济发达,资金需求旺盛,但竞争其实也相当激烈。不仅资金拼抢压力大,员工成本上升压力也不小。

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