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南京银行利润迷局:营收暴跌 银行会计如何调出利润

2017-09-22 11:22:19   中国经济网

先看一张对比图。以下为面包财经根据财报数据整理的南京银行历年上半年的营收和归母净利润变动情况:

从上图中可以比较明显的看出:过去几年,南京银行的整体状况是营收与利润变动趋势基本一致,甚至营收增幅快于利润增幅。比如,2014、2015和2016年上半年,营收同比增长分别为45.04%、46.86%和37.21%,同期净利润增速为19.26%、24.45%和22.25%。

但是,今年上半年发生了较为突兀的逆转:营收大幅减少,而利润仍然保持高增长。

南京银行真的有什么独门秘籍吗?以至于在营收增速垫底的情况下,依然能保持“鹤立鸡群”的利润增长?

 屋漏偏逢连夜雨:中间业务收入骤降

先看看南京银行营业收入减少的原因。

众所周知,当前银行的收入来源主要包括利息净收入和中间业务收入,后者在财报上一般体现为手续费及佣金净收入。

财报数据显示:今年上半年,南京银行利息净收入为101.5亿元,同比减少14.02亿元,降幅达到12.14%。同时净息差和净利差均降至近年来较低水平,分别为1.87%和1.74%。

利息净收入减少某种程度上在市场预期之内,由于利差和息差收窄,今年上半年银行业整体上都面临利息净收入增长停滞甚至减少的压力。但是南京银行如此大的降幅还是让人不放心。根据财报数据统计,今年上半年A股25家银行利息净收入1.34万亿元,同比增长0.9%,虽然增幅甚微,但勉强守住了正值。

南京银行的利息净收入大幅减少的速度虽然明显快于行业整体水平,但市况不好,尚能接受。比较麻烦的是,手续费及佣金净收入(中间业务收入)的大幅下滑。

财报显示:今年上半年南京银行手续费及佣金净收入为16.15亿元,同比减少38.62%,降幅在所有上市银行中位列第一。下图是上市银行手续费及佣金净收入变动情况:

最近几年,银行业高举改善收入结构的大旗,力图增加中间业务收入,减少对利息收入的依赖,出现中间收入大幅下降不是太好的信号。

话说到这里,要插播一个要点,银行业的中间业务收入是有很多“潜规则”的。很多账面上的中间业务收入其实也是利息收入派生出来的,不好明着加利息,收点手续费服务费,年底一算账,皆大欢喜。贷款放出去了,收入结构也改善了。简单的说,就是左口袋放到右口袋,总归还是自家的。

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