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告别暴利时代 私募机构“收成”承压

2017-09-22 07:57:06   中国经济网

九鼎集团自2015年6月因“筹划重大资产重组和非公开发行股票”以来,至今处于停牌状态。并且,7月九鼎集团因年报内容和美元债发债情况遭股转系统接连问询。8月,九鼎集团作为挂牌新三板的类金融公司,因未在4月底前编制并披露2017年一季报,构成信披违规,被股转系统采取了自律监管措施。

市场人士指出,考虑到停牌期间新三板市场屡创新低,复牌之后九鼎集团的股价必然承受着巨大压力。九鼎集团目前已向股转系统申请,将公司股票转让方式由做市转让变更为协议转让。

最近,另一家PE机构——硅谷天堂则因当年的定增价与目前股价的巨大价差,而陷入了与定增投资者的纠纷中。其他诸多PE巨头同样陷入了扩张模式受阻的困境,比如举牌买壳的中科招商,其在2015年年中曾耗资40多亿元举牌16家上市公司。此种投资模式在市场向好之时曾给中科招商带来不菲收益,而在如今IPO提速、壳资源式微的背景下,囤壳养壳的套利模式已成明日黄花。今年年初,中科招商频频发布减持计划,意欲“清仓”多家上市公司。截至目前,中科招商已陆续减持三变科技、丰乐种业、北矿科技等公司,已不再是上述公司的持股5%以上的股东。

退出周期拉长影响收益

抛开资本“杠杆式”的辗转腾挪,即便是传统的私募股权投资业务,PE机构们也面临着来自减持新规等方面的诸多压力,并因此影响到了业务“收成”。

根据减持新规,持有上市公司首次公开发行前股份的股东在减持该等股份时需要遵守“在任意连续90日内,通过集中竞价方式减持的股份不超过上市公司股份总数的1%,通过大宗交易减持的数量不超过股份总数的2%”的规定。持有的上市公司非公开发行股份的股东在减持该等股份时除上述规定外还需遵守在限售期解禁后12个月内通过集中竞价交易减持该部分股份不得超过非公开发行数量的50%的规定。

九鼎投资此前在2017年中报表示,2017年上半年,私募股权投资管理业务为公司主要收入及利润来源,本期投资管理业务总收入较上年同期减少8.82%,业务及管理费用较上年同期减少15.68%,主要系报告期内在管基金所投项目退出收回金额同比减少,项目管理报酬下降;同时证监会出台“减持新规”后,公司部分在管已上市项目减持退出周期拉长,短期内的减持收回金额减少所致。

另一方面,虽然IPO加速利好PE/VC行业,但一级市场与二级市场价差红利缩小,也给PE/VC机构的盈利能力带来了挑战。2017年以来,在IPO常态化背景下,市场供应整体增加,二级市场估值中枢缓慢下移。由于过去几年,一级市场整体竞争已较为激烈,估值水平被逐渐推高,未来几年一二级市场之间的价差还可能进一步缩小。当前不少机构已经发现很多Pre-IPO项目已面临严重的估值虚高的问题。中国证券报记者了解到,部分Pre-IPO动辄二三十倍的市盈率,特别是在TMT、医疗等行业内的项目,更是有点奇货可居、坐地起价,甚至出现一二级市场价格倒挂的情况。汉理资本创始人钱学锋日前表示,在新三板市场,目前投资者有机会做转板投资的绝大部分项目的定增都远远超过IPO的价值,平均估值达25倍、30倍,甚至80倍、90倍。

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