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流动性监管趋严 公募“抱团”投资模式戴上紧箍咒

2017-09-18 06:56:38   中国经济网

事实上,业内人士也基本认同,此次新规影响较大的主要是以中小盘成长股投资为重点策略的基金公司,尤其是一些主动权益管理规模较大而又偏好成长股投资的基金公司。

基金“抱团”模式生变

长期以来,基金抱团是A股市场常见的“玩法”。整体而言,对于《管理规定》,公募基金业内人士普遍认为,这对于基金的投资和操作模式会产生一定的影响。此前广泛存在的“抱团”模式,会在一定程度上受到抑制。

对于基金持仓集中度问题,上海一家基金公司风控人士透露,实际上在《管理规定》出台之前,除了“双十比例”规定,各家基金公司对于持仓集中度和流动性风险也都制定有内部约束规范,比如自己所在公司的要求比新规要求略为宽松,其比例要求设定为20%。不过,在实际投资中,不同公司投研团队对于流动性风险的理解不同,因此操作上差别较大。

“我们每一季度都会进行抱团股的分析,其实有几家公司是常常会出现在视野中的。”桑柳玉表示,《管理规定》15%的规定肯定会影响这些基金公司的“抱团”程度。

根据凯石金融产品研究中心报告,中邮、富国、易方达、汇添富等公司都是历史上比较爱抱团的基金公司。

对于业内一直存在的“抱团”现象,也有基金经理直言,一般而言,基金经理抱团股票的基本面相对不错,但是在高度一致的时候还是比较危险。

事实上,经历了2015年年中的股市异常波动之后,市场对于抱团投资的“双刃剑”作用认识得更为直观。曾经被一些基金公司高度重仓并扶摇直上的个股,如全通教育(300359)、安硕信息(300380)等,如今早已坠落神坛。而在股市异常波动期间,重仓基金所酿成的踩踏悲剧至今令人唏嘘。

总体而言,今年以来,公募基金整体持股集中度呈现下降态势。财汇金融大数据终端显示,今年二季度所有开放式公募持股占流通股本比例超过20%的有112家,超过15%的有220家,超过10%的391家,相比去年四季度的121家、227家、463家略有下降。

不过,桑柳玉也同时指出,“抱团”这一模式是由基金公司自身的研究力量、投研体系、决策流程,甚至是公司文化共同导致的,不太可能会在短期内发生大的变化。只能说,对于原本抱团程度非常高的公司,会新增一些风控的流程去使得其占比下降,比如本来全公司抱团一只股票高达20%,在新规之后可能会降到10%左右。同时这一新规,一方面对于基金公司的研究能力提出了更高的要求,需要去挖掘更多优质个股,而不是重押在几家上市公司身上;另一方面,其实也降低了挤兑的风险,单只基金操作可以更加自由,不用担心卖出个股对于同公司其他基金业绩产生影响。

至于《管理规定》对于公募基金行业的影响,国信证券分析师表示,整体来看,新规一定程度上限制了公募基金规模扩张的速度,与今年加强金融监管的大原则匹配。从另一个角度考虑,更全面的规定也限制了过度竞争,有利于整体行业更持久的发展。

证监会近日发布的《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》,将自今年10月1日起正式实施。根据规定,同一基金管理人管理的全部开放式基金持有一家上市公司发行的可流通股票,不得超过该上市公司可流通股票的15%。梳理基金半年报可以发现,有多家基金公司有重仓股触及15%警戒线,这些个股在未来半年里或面临一定的减持压力。

更为重要的是,流动性监管趋严,将使得部分基金公司的抱团投资模式遭遇新的挑战。一直以来,基金抱团可谓业内常见的现象,这一模式一度成为某些基金公司“盈利奇迹”的重要推手,但因其中暗藏的流动性风险,相关基金亦多次遭到“反噬”,导致业绩大起大落。如今新规实施在即,业内普遍认为,此前广泛存在的“抱团”模式,虽难言在短期内发生巨大变化,但在一定程度上会受到抑制。

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