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盘点A股半年报:小市值公司过于依赖非经常性损益

2017-09-17 08:06:37   中国经济网

选取25家银行上市公司进行分析,截至2017年8月31日,市盈率TTM为7.4,显著低于全体水平20;其盈利增速TTM为3%。而对2017年半年报统计显示,25家上市银行盈利季度同比增长4.9%,有边际改善的趋势。与此相对应的是,银行业的不良率和不良贷款余额居于高位,根据半年报数据,25家上市银行的平均不良率已达1.586%;不良贷款余额达12196余亿元。

样本内的 3003家上市公司2017年半年报合计归属母公司股东的净利润16518亿元,比上年同期的14017亿元增长17.8%,而剔除金融和石油石化后,更是增长34.8%,盈利增长速度非常引人注目。按中信证券二级行业分类来看,25家银行总计赚得净利润7746亿元,显著超过其他行业,占当期上市公司总盈利的46.9%,非银金融以1179亿元紧随其后。房地产、建筑和汽车行业排名分列第三、四、五位。金融、房地产、建筑和汽车等行业仍旧是中国经济体系中最重要的经济部门。

近些年政府在稳步推行供给侧结构性改革,周期性传统行业经历了去产能和去库存的过程。2017年上半年宏观经济平稳增长,固定资产投资和房地产开发投资比较稳定,周期性板块企业经营业绩显著改善。从净利润同比增长来看,钢铁行业以552%的整体增长列第一位,钢铁作为重要的原材料,处于工业产业链的中游位置,其行业净利润的大幅增长反映了当期基建、房地产等固定资产投资的旺盛需求。紧随其后的是煤炭、石油化工、有色金属、机械建材等周期性行业公司。整体来看,供给侧结构性改革对传统周期性行业影响显著,上中游资源品类行业实现了非常大的盈利改善。

受益于供给侧结构性改革,传统周期性行业的产能和库存情况改善,固定资产投资和房地产投资稳定,2017年宏观经济平稳增长,带动了相关行业公司的业绩改善。截至2017年年中,A股上市公司整体净利润明显增长,从行业分布看,金融行业占据盈利半壁江山,而周期性资源品行业受益于当期投资需求旺盛和产能去化,业绩增长非常显著。

随着传统行业去产能的持续推进,环保限产措施的实施,钢铁、煤炭等周期性行业集中度进一步提升;政策面上的基础设施建设力度和房地产调控等因素,将继续影响建筑、资源类周期行业的需求,对周期性板块业绩产生密切影响。

在上半年宏观经济增速稳定,供给侧结构改革深度推进的背景下,中国保持经济增长固然重要,但增长速度并不是核心问题,增长的可持续性和质量效益更加重要,对固定资产投资刺激经济的方式适时调整,激发市场的活力,转向更可持续发展的经济路径。

(作者欧阳辉系长江商学院金融学教授、杰出院长讲席教授、长江商学院金融创新和财富管理研究中心联席主任;作者常杰,系长江商学院金融创新和财富管理研究中心高级研究员;本文略有删改。本报记者李思采访整理)

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