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压力下的进取 上市银行半年考

2017-09-15 16:02:52   中国经济网

■本报记者 李林鸾 张缘成 阳爱姣

【农村金融时报】

今年以来,我国货币政策回归稳健中性,金融去杠杆、严监管、防风险力度加大,在此背景下上市银行实现了稳健发展,资产、存款、贷款规模稳步增长,信贷资产质量优良,拨备覆盖水平较高。

截至8月31日,A股银行板块股价今年的整体涨幅达到24.74%,工行股价更是创出新高,这源于银行的基本面有明显改善。

25家A股上市银行公布的2017年上半年报告显示:上市银行资产负债规模继续保持增长, 部分商业银行资产规模和同业负债业务收缩;存贷款规模快速增长,零售贷款增速较快;净利润小幅上升,非息收入占比有所下降;不良贷款余额继续上升,不良贷款率有所回落,信贷资产质量总体平稳; 资本充足率普遍下降,拨备覆盖率整体上升;支持实体经济力度加大,金融科技战略布局加快,深化业务转型升级。

在很多人看来,这是近几年相对较为靓丽的一次银行业业绩发布,在此背后是这一在我国金融体系中占据重要份额的群体应对新形势的转型和探索。

大行规模优势凸显

具体看,国有大行更好地应对了监管压力,资产、存款等规模指标较年初增速分别为5.29%、6.31%,超过股份制银行和农商行,仅低于城商行,规模优势凸显。但国有大行贷款平均增速相对缓慢,处于垫底;不良率也较低,仅略高于城商行,但风险预提水平较低,拨备覆盖率(165.05%)与贷款拨备率(2.52%)同样处于垫底。

从存款占资产比例看,6月末,国有大行存款占资产比例达74.39%,远远高于其它各类型银行。一位接近央行的人士分析指出,由于存款具有成本较低、来源稳定等特点,因此,在资产运用中存款占比越高,往往表明其资金获得能力越强。

截至2017年6月末,25家上市银行净利润达7849.90亿元,同比增长4.0%,实现平稳增长。

在当前的经济形势下,即使拥有庞大的资产规模,利润的增长也并不容易。从四大行的数据来看,截至2017年6月末,工农中建四大行资产总量分别是25.5万亿元、20.6万亿元、19.4万亿元、21.7万亿元。在净利润方面,工行为1537亿、同比增长2%,农行1087亿、同比增长3.4%,中行1105亿、同比增长3.02%,建行1390亿、同比增长3.81%。

股份制银行、城商行和农商行等净利润远低于国有四大行。总体看,国有大行平均资产净利率处于最高,创利能力总体最强。从净息差和净利差来看,国有大行也相对较优,均高于2%。中间业务收入占比方面,国有大行也具有一定的优势,仅低于股份行。

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