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业界热议对证券欺诈因果关系认定逻辑

2017-09-16 09:31:43   新华网

据该文章介绍,最高院在再审裁定中指出,《民通意见》第六十八条的规定:“一方当事人故意告知对方虚假情况,或者故意隐瞒真实情况,诱使对方当事人作出错误意思表示的,可以认定为欺诈行为。”据此,虚假陈述行为与投资者的投资决定之间存在因果关系,是证券投资欺诈的成立要件之一,即投资者的交易决定,必须是受到了虚假陈述行为的影响或者误导并错误交易才构成证券交易欺诈因果关系。

换言之,如果投资者在虚假陈述实施日后买入股票,且在揭露日前卖出股票,则应认定虚假陈述与投资者的投资决定之间有因果关系(交易因果关系),进而认定虚假陈述与投资者的投资损失之间存在因果关系(损失因果关系)。但是,如果在虚假陈述实施日后,投资者既买入股票,又卖出股票,尤其是在揭露日后仍然买入股票,则根据最高院再审裁定,应认为投资者的投资决策并未受虚假陈述行为的影响,即投资者的这一行为构成投资者并未信赖虚假陈述行为的“反证”,因此,虚假陈述行为与投资者的投资决策之间没有因果关系,虚假陈述行为与投资者的投资损失之间亦没有因果关系。

  律师说法

其一,自媒体文章对裁判意见作出了扩大解释。广东环宇京茂律师事务所刘华浩律师认为,最高法院在该案中的裁判意见并未突破《司法解释》推定因果关系原则,自媒体文章对该案裁判意见做出了扩大解释,是错误的。

实际上,最高人民法院在该案中对虚假陈述行为的诱多诱空性质作出了区分,该院认为公司隐匿资产的不实陈述是一种诱空行为,应该会导致投资者作出卖出的决定,而不是作出买入决定,因此,据此判断该案中投资者的买入行为不受公司隐匿资产的不实陈述行为的影响,而并非自媒体文章认为的只要投资者在揭露日之后有买入行为,即构成不具有因果关系的反证。

“相反,依据该案裁判意见,在上市公司作出不实诱空陈述时,如投资者是在上市公司该虚假陈述行为实施日前买入、之后卖出并存在亏损,则可以推定投资者的投资损失与上市公司的不实诱空陈述行为有因果关系,相关投资者可以据此进行索赔。”刘华浩表示。

其二,此前法院的认定都严格适用了《司法解释》。上海市华荣律师事务所合伙人许峰律师说,在过往十多年的投资者虚假陈述索赔诉讼中,各地法院对于投资者损失与虚假陈述之因果关系的认定与否定大部分都严格适用了《司法解释》。

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