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业界热议对证券欺诈因果关系认定逻辑

2017-09-16 09:31:43   新华网

据刘国华介绍,最高人民法院对该案进行了书面审理,并于2016年6月6日作出裁定。

最高人民法院的裁定书对原审判决关于虚假陈述行为未导致公司股价异常波动的结论予以确认。《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行若干问题的意见(试行)》(下称“《民通意见》”)第六十八条的规定:“一方当事人故意告知对方虚假情况,或者故意隐瞒真实情况,诱使对方当事人作出错误意思表示的,可以认定为欺诈行为。”据此,虚假陈述行为与投资者的投资决定之间存在因果关系,是证券投资欺诈的成立要件之一,即投资者的交易决定,必须是受到了虚假陈述行为的影响或者误导并错误交易才构成证券交易欺诈因果关系。

也就是说,投资者的交易决定,必须受到虚假陈述行为的影响或者误导并错误交易才构成证券交易欺诈因果关系。

具体到该案,上市公司于2007年3月19日实施虚假陈述行为,本质上属于隐匿公司资产的不实陈述。如果林某在该虚假信息披露后,系基于对该虚假信息的信赖而卖出其持有的上市公司的股票,则可以主张该卖出行为系受公司资产减少不实的虚假陈述行为的影响。

该案中,上市公司虚假陈述实施日为2007年3月19日,揭露日为2010年11月5日,而林某却在2009年11月至2011年9月期间多次买入、卖出公司股票,即虚假陈述实施日甚至揭露日之后其仍在进行买入卖出行为,应当认定其交易决定并未受本案诉争的虚假陈述行为的影响,故不产生交易因果关系,其主张不符合民通意见第六十八条的规定。故林某的投资损失与公司的虚假陈述行为之间并无因果关系,原审法院对公司的虚假陈述行为与林某的投资损失没有因果关系的裁判理由有所欠当,但处理结果正确,应予以维持。

“最后,最高院裁定驳回林某的诉讼请求。”刘国华说。

  业界观点

针对此案,近期有自媒体刊文称,最高人民法院在上述案件再审案件,突破了建立在“推定信赖”原则之上的证券交易欺诈因果关系认定逻辑。根据该判例,如果投资者在虚假陈述实施日至揭露日或更正日之后仍有买入卖出股票的行为,则应当认定投资者的交易决定并未受到虚假陈述行为的影响,投资者的投资损失与虚假陈述行为之间不存在因果关系。

文章称,通过对比该案一审判决、二审判决和最高院再审裁定对因果关系的认定,可以发现本案一、二审判决主要从损失因果关系的角度出发,否认原告的投资损失与虚假陈述行为之间具有因果关系,而最高院则是从交易因果关系的角度出发,否认原告的投资决策与虚假陈述行为之间具有因果关系。

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