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严防资本大鳄兴风作浪 险企股权穿透式监管呼之欲出

2017-09-15 07:51:42   新华网

“办法”与第一稿相比,除了进一步完善各条款之外,还将保险公司股东由原来的划分为三类改为四类,与之相对应,不同类别股东的门槛也进行了提升。在股权方面,规定单一股东持股比例不超过保险公司总股本的三分之一,单一有限合伙企业持股比例不超过百分之五,控制类股东3年内不得转让所持股权等。

中国证券报记者梳理发现,目前国内保险市场,有一半以上的保险公司单一股东持股比例超过1/3,其中中资寿险24家、外资寿险26家、中资财险29家、外资财险22家。

以渤海金控为例,公开资料显示,渤海金控第一大股东为海航资本集团,持股比例达到34.56%。同时,持股8.52%的第二大股东——深圳兴航融投股权投资基金合伙企业、持股5.01%的第三大股东——天津燕山股权投资基金有限公司、持股4.26%的天津通万投资合伙企业均为海航资本集团有限公司的一致行动人。而华安财险目前持股12.5%的第三大股东——海航资本集团和持股7.14%的海航投资集团为关联股东,海航投资集团的控股股东为海航资本集团。这意味着“海航系”持股约合19.64%。倘若按照重组方案,渤海金控从广州泽达手中收购华安财险14.77%的股权,“海航系”持股将达到34.41%。

在一位险企资管人士看来,目前,各路“土豪”背景的资本正从三大路径控制保险资金:第一类是新获得牌照的险企们一轮又一轮地增资扩股,其结果是很多原来成立时“撑门面”的股权被大比例稀释掉。第二类则是通过关联公司的股权转让以达到曲线掌控之目的。第三类则是其他股东的股权质押和托管给险企控制人,通过代持协议控制其他股东手中股权。

近年来,部分保险公司销售投资理财类保险产品的业绩骄人,显示了保险行业募集资金的能力较一般非金融类行业强。为此,国内许多非金融行业如互联网、医药、房地产等领域的资本竞相跨界角逐保险牌照。

朱俊生表示,保险牌照的稀缺性决定了资本对它的追逐性和盲目性。由于一段时间以来,房地产企业在资本市场直接融资受限,因此保险作为金融资本聚集平台的作用被地产商们所看重;相对银行、证券而言,保险行业的股权获得控股地位要容易很多,这为很多对保险牌照有想法的各路资本留出了控股险企的空间。

“一旦‘办法’正式出台,在保险公司持股比例较高的民营资本以及正在等待批筹的诸多机构或将首先受到影响,民营资本占比较大的保险机构股权变动更为频繁,保险资金监管越来越严格,将造成一些产业资本知难而退,估计下半年选择退出的数量还会增加。”某投资公司投资总监表示。

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