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严防资本大鳄兴风作浪 险企股权穿透式监管呼之欲出

2017-09-15 07:51:42   新华网

保监会副主席陈文辉曾表示,在金融创新大背景下,资金通过各类通道业务、变形创新,增加了市场准入和入股资金审查难度。尤其像股权代持、表决权转让、一致行动约定等,大多是私下签订,监管手段无法查明,只有通过诉讼等司法手段才能获得线索证据,对保险机构虚假增资问题,保监会查起来很困难。

穿透式监管呼之欲出

不过,监管部门亦面临难题。个别在市场上备受关注的、被认为存在较多的问题的险企或保险集团,从表面看来却并无单个股东持股比例超过三分之一的情况,这对于监管真正贯彻落实穿透式监管构成挑战。如何有堵有疏地让“跑偏”的险资回归正途,是这场“保险业姓保、保险姓监”的行业监管风暴的终极目标。

基于此,保监会的监管利刃再度出鞘。2017年以来,保监会首次对131家中资保险机构和52家外资保险机构的治理情况进行大排查,目前已有多家保险公司迎来监管部门进场,内部控制、股权的真实性以及关联交易的可靠性成为排查重点。

同时,为进一步严格股东准入标准,保监会设立“市场准入负面清单”,明确了哪些投资人不能“投”保险、不能“控”保险,以及哪些资金不能“投”保险。

“市场准入负面清单”显示,以下四类投资人不能“投”保险:股权结构不清晰或存在权属纠纷的;被列入最高人民法院失信被执行人名单的;曾经委托他人或接受他人委托持有保险公司股权行为的;曾经投资保险公司,在申请过程中存在隐瞒或漏报重要资料信息的,或者对保险公司经营失败负重大责任的,或者对保险公司重大违规行为负有责任,或者拒不配合监管机构监管行为的。

四类投资人不能“控”保险:现金流量波动受经济景气影响较大的;在公开市场有不良投资行为记录的;曾经有不诚信商业行为,造成恶劣影响的;曾被有关部门查实存在不正当行为的。

四类资金不能“投”保险:一是与保险公司有关借款;二是以保险公司存款或其他资产为质押获取有关的资金;三是以保险公司投资信托计划、私募基金、股权投资等获取有关资金;四是不当利用保险公司的财务影响力,或者与保险公司有不正当关联关系取得的资金。

朱俊生表示:“整体看,未来仍有大量资本愿意深挖保险行业。‘办法’虽然提高了准入门槛,但并非‘闭门’,这是因为中国的保险行业还处在较快的发展期。如财产保险的渗透率相对较低,寿险则多是储蓄型产品占比较多。”他认为,股权收购是市场行为,未来股权投资仍是保险业最重要的方式。

同时,在资产端,保监会通过对资产匹配审慎性监管、举牌上市股票信息披露、一致行动人的监管,确保保险投资的合法合规,预防偿付能力危机和久期错配风险。这也使得部分公司“高成本揽收保费+激进投资赚取高收益”的模式难以为继,投资方在涉足保险公司股权之前,会更加谨慎地考虑其投资与收益周期,投资也将更加理性。

申万宏源认为,预计2017年保险公司投资债券市场的比重下行幅度不大,甚至不排除可能会小幅上行,保险资金新增量以及存量协议存款到期对2017年的债市有支撑。保监会加强监管,不会导致险资减少投资,险资未来仍是A股重要的增量资金之一。目前来看,一是依然存在“资产荒”,二是A股主板估值相对合理,蓝筹股仍是险资长期投资的可选品种。

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