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资本市场助推实体经济 伪市值管理走向不归路
2017-09-15 07:31:47 中国经济网
伪市值管理走向不归路
注重持续发展才是正道
去年以来,不断有股票出现盘中闪崩,但无疑是脱离上市公司基本面、操纵股价式“市值管理”走向末路的标志。一些不把心思放在主业发展上的公司把市值管理这本经给念歪了,打起了联合私募拉抬股价、进行伪市值管理的歪主意。那波所谓“市值管理”浪潮中的先行者透露,当年找上市公司合作要遵守几个原则:一是必须见到上市公司董事长或者实际控制人;二是一旦项目谈妥,上市公司在“市值管理”方面不能再有第二家私募介入;三是上市公司释放消息必须按照资金方的节奏;四是上市公司大股东需要先缴纳一定的准备金。但去年以来,这个套路感到重重压力。去年以来个股行情大幅震荡,而私募参与“市值管理”的资金往往是杠杆资金,在临近平仓线时必须能够找来外援资金,否则只能等着被强平。一些从事伪市值管理的投机人临近破产甚至破产。
市值管理是指公司建立一种长效组织机制,它能为股东创造价值,提高资本效率,是企业管理的重要组成部分。正当的市值管理不仅与上市公司的资本运作、企业形象和社会责任有关,也与资本市场的平稳运行和金融资源配置的有效性直接相关。本来属于企业科学管理的范畴,竟然被投机人用来合谋坐庄、哄抬股价、牟取暴利,这也暴露了中国市场的不成熟,以及监管的不到位,以致造成了市场将市值管理概念妖魔化的倾向。市值管理虽然和股价有一定关系,但过度关注股价、而不关心企业的产业发展、业绩表现,甚至不惜与私募等机构联手操纵股价,无疑是对市值管理的亵渎。概言之,市值管理并不是在资本市场一夜暴富的投机行为,而是用资本杠杆把企业经营得更好,用资本运营将企业的主业和市场做得更大,在业绩可持续增长的基础上,让市值稳定上升,以此实现对股东的最好回报。
谨防品牌效应成负能量
多元化还需下大力推广
近日,格力电器发布半年报,今年上半年,公司实现营业总收入700亿元,较上年同期增长40%;实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润94.5亿元,较上年同期增长48%,格力中央空调以18%的占有率再次排名第一,这也是格力电器自2012年首次打破国外品牌的霸主格局以来第六次夺下中央空调排名桂冠。虽然表现靓丽,但格力营业收入和利润总额均不及美的,甚至营业收入几乎只是美的一半。据格力电器半年报显示,今年上半年主营业务四大类中,空调业务实现营收546亿元,同比增长30%。依然保持着国内家用空调市场份额第一的位置。上半年空调营收占92%,智能装备营收9.6亿元,不过增速明显,同比暴涨27倍。有业内人士分析,格力目前主要单一依靠空调业务,因此虽然格力最近迅速发展,但相比海尔和美的,主营业务收入少很多。
企业发展是该专业化还是多元化?这是个永远扯不清的问题。想说的是,多元化之路没有那么简单,以往的品牌价值、口碑价值未必是变成多元化的“正能量”,相反,有些恰恰成了阻碍消费者认知的“负能量”。比如,格力手机从2015年上市到现在已经过去了两年,这个品牌手机在市场上几乎没有存在感,销量和影响力可以忽略不计。为什么?因为人们提到格力,首先想到的是空调,最多想到冰箱、洗衣机等其他家电,很难想到手机。当然,这里也有企业市场推广的力度和效能远远不够的问题。客观地说,和空调的市场推广和宣传相比,格力公司对格力手机下的功夫明显不足,推广频率、有特点的营销方式、有影响力的代言人,很难说做到了令人印象深刻。不要以为原有主业或主打产品已经被市场认可,多元化新产品就必然被市场认知认可。甚至可以说,多元化新产品推广的难度更大。
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