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日媒称美中德IT企业飞跃发展 阿里巴巴市值为丰田两倍多

2017-09-11 08:41:38   中国经济网

这是在杭州阿里巴巴西溪园区拍摄的阿里巴巴公司的标志(2014年3月25日摄)。 新华社记者 鞠焕宗 摄

日媒称,比较20世纪末和现在活跃的世界企业,观察日美德中市值排行榜的变化,可以发现三个明显特征。具体而言,美国企业充满活力,中国企业正在崛起,日本企业新陈代谢落后。

据《日本经济新闻》9月7日报道目前,世界股市截至6月底,总市值合计达77万亿美元(1美元约合人民币6.6元——本网注),是历史最高水平。发挥引擎作用的是美国市场。纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克市场市值合计占世界股市总市值的约40%。

报道称,东京股市规模在1989年泡沫时期曾是全球第一,现在是第三位,位于美国两大股市之后。在安倍经济学相关政策影响下,东京股市略有起色,但二十一世纪的步伐依然沉重。从股市指数涨幅来看,东京股市指数比上世纪末仅高出40%左右,当然完全无法与比上世纪末高出1.6倍的纳斯达克市场指数相比,即使与比上世纪末高出90%的德国股市相比也逊色不少。

气势的差距明显体现在排行榜前列的企业构成差距上。不管是以前还是现在,丰田、日本电信电话公司和都科摩通信公司市值都排在前三位。但即使是市值最大的日本企业丰田公司,在世界企业市值排行榜中也仅排在第40位左右。

报道称,世界最大的企业当属美国苹果公司,该公司市值为丰田公司的4倍以上,相当于排在前10位的日本上市公司市值之和。进入本世纪以来,美国苹果公司市值迅速膨胀至原来的150倍以上。

在美国,市值排名在前五位的上市公司与以前完全不同。明显的格局是,IT企业取代资源和制造业等重厚长大型企业。脸谱公司成立的时间就是在本世纪(2004年),仅用了8年时间就上市,上市后市值迅速膨胀。取苹果公司和奈飞公司等的首字母组合成的“FANG”,象征着美国科技企业的气势。

苹果公司的智能手机和亚马逊的电子交易等,都是通过推出革新性的商品和服务获得垄断性利益。另外,以丰厚的资金为武器进行并购,也是世界一流企业的拿手好戏。

报道称,中国阿里巴巴集团和腾讯控股公司异军突起。阿里巴巴的自由现金流为1万亿日元规模(约合人民币596亿元——本网注)。该公司正积极并购不断成长,市值规模眼看要达到丰田公司市值的2倍多。

虽然势头不及美国和中国,但欧洲市场也出现了新陈代谢的迹象。德国市值最大的思爱普公司是政府提出的“工业4.0”项目的先锋队,从软件方面支持“物联网”,取得了飞跃发展。

反观日本,市值排在第四位的软银集团在科技企业领域孤军奋战。IT企业较少导致股市总市值上升有限。(编译/马晓云)

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