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李扬:金融强监管是为了避免出现更大风险

2017-09-14 22:06:42   中国经济网

“由此我想到国际货币基金组织去年讲的一段话:2007年之前,全球杠杆率的上升主要由发达经济体导致,2007年之后全球杠杆率的上升则主要归因于发展中国家。”李扬说,这意味着,若不采取有效措施,发展中国家可能成为下一轮债务危机的主角。中国作为最大的发展中国家,对此不可不察。

李扬将中国金融业面临的风险总结为八个方面,即,金融杠杆率和流动性风险,信用风险,银行风险,违法犯罪风险,外部冲击风险,房地产泡沫风险,地方政府引进债务风险,部分国企债务风险。由此,李扬认为,中国金融业面临新挑战,需直面应对。

“第一个挑战就是结构失衡,目前实体经济存在严重的供需结构性失衡,循环不畅。解决这一问题,需要扎实推进供给侧结构性改革,这也是当前和今后一个时期金融为实体经济服务的一个根本任务。”李扬说。

李扬认为,第二个挑战是外延式扩张模式已至末路。“过去经济快速增长,金融业可以快速上规模,可以搞外延式扩张。随着我国经济进入新常态,原来的路已至末路。质量优先,效率至上,内涵式发展成为发展的新模式。特别在产能过剩的条件下,更要注重存量重组、增量优化、动能转换。”

“第三个新挑战就是中国金融业的发展环境已经彻底地改变。”李扬说,金融业制度性利差明显,一度存在坐地收钱的强势思维。而如今这种情况已经一去不复返了,今后要突出的是客户需求为导向、以服务创造价值,靠竞争力吃饭。金融风险源头在于高杠杆“去杠杆是克服本轮全球危机的必要前提。”李扬说,今后一个时期我国实体经济的主要风险,将集中体现为经济增长速度下滑、产能过剩、企业困难加剧和失业率上升等。与之对应,我国主要的金融风险,将集中体现为杠杆率攀升、债务负担加重和不良资产增加。

“企业和地方政府是最要关注的两大部门。”李扬说,目前部分国企债务风险高企,2008年之前,我国非金融企业的杠杆率一直稳定在100%以内,全球危机后,加杠杆趋势很明显。国际比较显示,中国非金融企业部门杠杆率水平在所比较的国家中最高,其隐含的风险值得关注。在企业债务中,归诸国企者约为65%。

同时,地方政府债务风险加剧。“2015年之前,地方政府债务骤增。经过几年整肃,包括债务替换,合法的地方债务已趋稳定。”李扬说,而2015年以来,政府投资引导基金、专项建设基金、政府委托代建购买服务协议、PPP项目等,成为积累地方政府债务风险的主要手段。

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