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从关停ICO看金融监管思路的变化

2017-09-13 07:11:31   中国经济网

■一 帆

前几天,央行等七部委正式定性ICO非法,受此消息影响,区块链技术基础产物比特币交易价格跌宕起伏,一天跌去3000元,引发市场对区块链的质疑。

幸好,中国人民银行金融研究所所长孙国峰及时接受媒体采访,把区块链和ICO划清了界限。他表示,要把区块链技术和ICO区分开来,区块链技术可以运用很多领域、场景,包括一些社会管理领域场景,不应当将区块链和ICO画等号。

虽然比特币价格重回升势,而且经过这一轮清洗,市场对ICO、比特币、区块链多少都有了进一步的了解。但是,笔者认为还是应该从中认真总结点什么。

一是市场逐利资金供给丰沛,投机性强。依笔者的认知,从身边同事朋友的情况看,对于比特币这种数字货币的知识普及率并不高,偶有胆大者投身其中,也是懵懂一知半解,多半是受造富效应驱使,碰运气,所谓“无知者无畏”;而且,比特币交易价格一路上行,造富者众,损失者寡,对后来者和增量资金形成了极大的吸引力,投机氛围重。尤其是,在当前地产投资途径受限,世界政经局势常有波动情况下,比特币投资和避险功能被强化,活跃度明显提升。如何将这部分有活力的资金吸引到服务实体经济的资本市场上来,还真是门功课。

二是监管经常慢半拍的情况有所改变。从P2P、互联网金融、金融科技、区块链这一发展脉络来看,监管一直处于被动学习和追赶的境地。2013年互联网金融元年以来,在兼顾创新和风险之间,监管部门曾经为金融创新的发展提供了宽松的环境,体现出充分的包容性。但随着e租宝、泛亚等风险事件相继发生,监管部门才开始频频出手,出台一系列文件和监管措施,加大对互联网金融的监管。这一次对ICO的处理则明显不同,在相关风险事件发生之前便雷厉风行出台了《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》,停止各类ICO活动,并要求已完成ICO的组织和个人应当做出清退等安排,大大超出市场预期。

尤其是,孙国峰接受媒体采访的公开表态,及时澄清了市场对监管“一刀切”的猜测和误解,有利于平复市场的波动情绪,改善预期。他还提到,大数据、云计算、人工智能等新技术的蓬勃发展,使得监管科技发展具备了技术上实现的条件,而中国金融监管当局需求很强,要建立可持续的监管科技发展机制,缓解金融监管中的不公平性问题,构建公平、有序、竞争的金融科技新生态。

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