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央行孙国峰:构建中国金融科技监管“双支柱”

2017-09-13 08:36:28   新华网

随着大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等创新技术的蓬勃发展,金融与科技加速融合,金融科技(FinTech)迅猛发展,有效提升金融服务的可获得性和便捷性,降低金融交易成本。但同时,金融科技也加速了风险外溢。当前,其在大数据运用、信息安全、金融消费者权益保护等方面还存在风险隐患,给现行监管带来挑战。近日,本报记者就我国金融科技风险、国际金融科技监管经验、监管科技(RegTech)等问题采访了中国人民银行金融研究所所长孙国峰。

金融科技强风险特征呼唤强监管

记者:您认为目前金融科技发展过程中主要存在哪些风险?近日央行等7部委叫停首次代币发行(ICO)融资,社会上有人对区块链技术产生质疑,对此您怎么看?

金融科技本身的金融属性决定了其有很强的风险特征。从目前的风险来看,一是来自金融科技自身的风险。二是金融科技存在造成金融体系金融风险加大的因素。一方面,金融科技使得金融风险更加具有隐蔽性、传播速度更快、影响范围更广,增加了金融系统性风险;另一方面,金融科技使金融业“脱媒风险”加大。此外,金融科技还会涉及金融消费者保护的问题。总体来说,金融科技还是具有很强的风险特征,必须要加强监管。

孙国峰:金融科技本身的金融属性决定了其有很强的风险特征。从目前的风险来看,一是来自金融科技自身的风险。主要表现为技术风险更加突出。由于金融科技广泛运用后,一旦技术本身出现问题,会影响整个金融体系,从而引发金融风险。此外,还表现为大数据运用风险。不言而喻,大数据运用是金融科技重要组成部分,在一些大数据的授信、征信等方面都可以提高金融业服务效率,对金融定价发挥非常好的作用,但是大数据在采集、转移、使用过程中有可能产生风险,影响整个金融体系。

二是金融科技存在造成金融体系金融风险加大的因素。一方面,金融科技使得金融风险更加具有隐蔽性、传播速度更快、影响范围更广,增加了金融系统性风险。比如“e租宝”事件。过去金融风险很多都是局限在某一地域,现在金融科技、互联网技术容易使得风险可能影响的个体范围非常广、传染速度更快;另一方面,金融科技使金融业“脱媒风险”加大。对于银行资金的流动有着完善的金融监管框架,但现在有很多资金流动通过金融科技公司,这其中一些资金的流动受监管的程度相对比较弱,可能会带来风险。还有就是存在监管套利风险。由于金融科技行业很多业务处在相对模糊的地带,界限不明确,可能存在监管套利问题,具体表现为不同监管机构之间的监管套利和跨国的监管套利。

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