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单边预期并非监管所愿 未来人民币汇率更具弹性

2017-09-14 10:07:37   央广网

中国现在有五家金融机构成为全球系统重要性金融机构,其中四家是全球系统重要性银行(G-SIB),一家是全球系统重要性保险公司(G-SII),要确保它们有逆周期的资本缓冲。

在他看来,未来人民币和外汇市场的发展将遵循四个方面:第一,要坚持金融市场服务实体经济;第二,市场开放将是基本方向;第三,人民币汇率将更具弹性,央行坚持优化“收盘汇率+一篮子货币变化”的人民币对美元汇率中间价形成机制;第四,在岸市场和离岸市场相统一。

资本项目开放需完善制度设计

毋庸置疑,人民币国际化的步伐不会停止。中国社会科学院原副院长李扬指出,推进人民币国际化不仅在贸易领域,资本金融领域有更大的潜力。

近年来,取消QFII(合格境外投资者)、RQFII(人民币合格境外投资者)的额度限制,开通沪港通、深港通、债券通等,都是资本项目开放的里程碑意义的事件。

论坛上,嘉宾在讨论中表示,中国金融市场不断开放,但真正想要吸引外资入境,还有需要不断改善的方面。

中国银行(香港)发展规划部人民币业务处主管杨杰文称,不改变国内资本管制的前提下,通过一些渠道,如债券通、深港通等,满足跨境投资的需要,是一个非常理想的模式,因为利用这些渠道,建立离岸人民币市场,也能为境内提供监管经验。

不过,他也表示,现在互联互通因为境内外系统、实际操作存在差异,有不少问题需要解决。

如深、沪港通,投资者通过深、沪港通买了香港股票再卖出时,这里面存在一个问题,即离岸人民币市场深度是否足够,如果很多人卖出港股,离岸人民币流动性可能是一个问题。另外在实操上还有一个问题,因为支付过程并不是先拿到港元,兑换成人民币,拿到人民币再汇到境内,而是结算银行要先把人民币汇到境内,再从买家手上拿到港元,最后把港元兑换成人民币。这里面存在兑换风险的问题。

杨杰文认为,主要原因在于境内和境外规则不一样。为什么提早把人民币汇到国内,因为中证登需要下班前收到人民币,当天分给券商,但是香港股票结算系统的资金交收是在下午6点,6点后才能收人民币,这里就有一个信贷和流动性风险的问题。

贝莱德资产管理北亚有限公司(BlackRock)董事总经理潘詠年(Winnie Pun)表示,想要外国资本进入中国需要做到以下几个方面:一是准入渠道的合理化,尽管目前QFII、沪港通、深港通、债券通等准入渠道越来越宽,但是对于境外投资人来说,需要应对每一个渠道不同的合规制度,采取不同的运营模式,成本非常昂贵。因此,在渠道没有统一之前,很多投资人只是观望,渠道多了反而影响资金入市。

二是丰富对冲工具,这对吸引长期投资人非常重要,要有足够流动性降低风险。

第三,货币市场一体化或者整合的货币市场。目前人民币有境内和境外两个市场。对于所有投资者来说,必须同时关注两个市场,资产管理者每天要处理数以万计的订单和交易指令,这最终会增加资产管理机构的交易成本。

第四,整个生态系统是否已经做好交易准备。所谓生态系统包括了交易所需的各方,服务提供商、研究者、结算、会计、记账、托管等各环节。不仅如此,还有完善的税务制度,公司的内部治理制度等。

“中国市场有自己的特殊性,但我们也希望看到全球标准化的模型。”潘詠年表示。

此内容为第一财经原创。未经第一财经授权,不得以任何方式加以使用,包括转载、摘编、复制或建立镜像。第一财经将追究侵权者的法律责任。

如需获得授权请联系第一财经版权部:021-22002972或021-22002335;banquan@yicai.com。

编辑:石尚惠

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