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欧盟反垄断迷局:英特尔案8年首现反转,谷歌上诉

2017-09-14 10:02:31   央广网

8年来,英特尔始终坚持上诉:最早向位于卢森堡的欧盟中级法院“普通法院”提起上诉。遭驳回后,又向欧洲法院提起诉讼,并最终在一个技术细节上,于上周三得到了该法院的支持。最高法院对英特尔垄断上诉案作出裁决,要求普通法院重新审理此案,充分考虑英特尔的申诉,即向PC厂商提供回扣并不必然违反公平竞争原则。

根据流程,欧洲法院对一审判决可以支持、推翻或改判,也可以发回重审。此次欧洲法院虽然没有维持原判,但也没有一槌定音地推翻或改判结论,而是发回下一级法院重新审阅其忽略的技术问题。

这一关键技术问题到底是什么?

根据公开发布的判决书,普通法院认为,英特尔使用忠诚折扣(导致排他性的折扣)这一行为本身,已经滥用支配地位,因此,它对欧委会已做的使用忠诚折扣到底如何影响到竞争的经济学分析并未做审核。但欧洲法院认为,在此类案例中,欧委会和法院有责任考虑优势企业发出的非排斥性的辩解,不能够未经分析,就直接决定忠诚折扣在本质上属于滥用支配地位,因此发回要求普通法院重新审核分析。

翻阅2009年英特尔的案例,欧委会实际上确实是查看了英特尔使用忠诚折扣的效果,并得出结论这些折扣具有排他性。但普通法院说这一步并不必要,因为忠诚折扣本质上就是排他性的。欧洲法院现在纠正了普通法院,并强制性要求分析这些折扣的实际效果是否具有排他性。

鸿鹄律师事务所布鲁塞尔合伙人乔斯(JosRivas)对第一财经记者解释说,这一判决表明,最高法院已经澄清了它的判例法,就是当一个具有优势地位的企业使用忠诚折扣,那么具有优势地位企业就需要证明这个行为不会损害竞争者。

根据欧洲法院的结论,普通法院错误地做出论断,即由优势企业来分析这类主张是多余的,因为忠诚折扣本质就意味着滥用。

“进一步来说,普通法院现在必须要仔细查看欧委会的推论过程,如何得出结论:由于英特尔的折扣,同等效率的竞争者无法提供有竞争力的价格,从而被排斥。”他说。

多年上诉路胜率有多大

再小的转机,对于已深陷8年上诉路的英特尔来说,都意味着下半程上诉马拉松已开启。

对未来上诉需要耗费的时间,业内人士虽然看法不同,但总体而言,这个过程必然至少超过一年。而如此消耗下去的胜算到底有多大,看法则愈发多元。

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