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沥青 不宜过分悲观

2017-09-14 09:56:23   中国经济网

9、10月是沥青消费旺季,随着环保检查结束以及终端需求的进一步释放,沥青价格仍有支撑。因此,对沥青后市行情不宜过分悲观。

炼厂开工水平不高 库存上升

截至2017年上半年,中国石油沥青总产能达到5362万吨,共有63套重交沥青装置。主要集中在三大主营炼厂,其中中石化占比22%,中海油占比14%,中石油占比27%,而地方炼厂常减压加工能力逐年增加,地炼总产能占比37%。而在产能严重过剩背景下,国内沥青炼厂装置开工率常年维持在较低水平。

今年前8个月国内26家主要沥青炼厂装置开工率基本维持在60%以下,开工水平持续低于往年同期,而9月初开工率回升到60%以上,这与季节性因素有关。从产量上来看,年初以来,国内沥青产量持续攀升,今年1—8月总产量达到1644.83万吨,同比增长4%。8月中石油、中石化、中海油及地方炼厂产量分别达到68万吨、74万吨、27万吨和88万吨。从库存端来看,由于现货需求走弱,近期炼厂整体库存水平小幅走高,至30%左右。

进口价格上涨 需求受阻

今年以来,国内沥青进口量出现明显回落,1—7月为278.33万吨,同比下降18.5%。7月进口量达到40.14万吨,而5月为55.97万吨,创历史最高单月进口量。

8月以来国内需求整体改善,贸易商进口接货稳定,支撑进口价格,但需求刚刚起步就遭遇国内环保检查,终端需求再度受阻,国内对进口沥青需求也不如前期。

炼厂利润整体维持高位

近几个月,国内沥青炼厂沥青理论生产利润基本维持在300元/吨,相比去年的亏损局面有明显改观。从沥青与原油的比价来看,过去几个月两者比价明显走高,为近一年半以来新高,沥青价格相比原油价格表现更加强劲,这也令炼厂利润持续维持在较高水平。但近期原油走高,而沥青价格有一定回落,炼厂沥青理论生产利润有所走弱,不过仍高于去年。

终端需求仍有望进一步释放

8月全国范围内的环保检查令沥青下游终端需求萎缩,部分炼厂出货明显放缓,库存小幅走高,但炼厂挺价意愿较强,主力炼厂价格并未明显下调。9月初,迫于供应压力沥青价格有所松动,华东及山东地区价格有一定下跌,加之前期中石化不断推涨令其价格明显高于进口价格,现货价格步入调整期。但9、10月是沥青消费旺季,同时环保检查也将结束,因此我们对未来下游需求并不悲观,预计9月下旬终端需求仍将进一步释放,届时市场将迎来补货阶段,继续支撑沥青价格。

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