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给自己编制一张资产负债表

2017-09-14 07:16:22   中国经济网

再来看右边的“负债与所有者权益表”。

负债可分为短期负债与长期负债。短期负债是指一年期以下的负债,比如找亲朋好友借的临时应急用钱就属于短期负债。长期负债是指一年期以上的负债。比如为了买房子,找银行贷款,超过一年期的都属于长期负债。

对个人来说,到底负债多少比较合适呢?一个判断方法是,你的短期负债不能超过流动资产的二分之一。还有一个判断方法是,你的所有负债总额不能超过资产总额的三分之二。这也是为什么银行在给予个人房产贷款时,需要个人交三成的首付款。

这些知识看似简单,真正用到实处则能很好地解决当前人们生活中遇到的很多金融问题,比如不久前一度饱受争议的“校园贷”。对这些急需用钱的大学生而言,如何对非法“校园贷”说不,除了需要加强监控外,还需要掌握一些最基本的财务知识,根据自己的资产实际状况举债。从根本上说,个人负债一定要与自己的资产相匹配,才能将风险控制在可以承担的范围内。

最后是所有者权益。所谓所有者权益,其实就是你的净资产,资产减去负债后就是属于你的权益。比如,一套房产价值100万元,如果负债70万元,剩下的30万元就是你的所有者权益。

在了解了资产、负债与所有者权益之后,个人就可以轻松编制自己的资产负债表了。

呵护“生命线”

算准你的现金流

对一个经营企业来说,现金流无疑是“生命线”。现金流对企业的重要性,就好比人体的血液,只有血液充足且流动顺畅人体才会健康。

对个人而言,算清自己的现金流非常重要。不仅需要知道每个月会有多少现金流入,比如工资收入、兼职收入、利息收入、租金收入等,同时还应该清楚每个月将会有哪些现金流出,比如生活支出、房租支出、房贷支出、偿还借款支出等。无论是买房买车,找金融机构贷款也需要根据现金流最终确定自己的贷款金额。

一般而言,一家企业会否破产,并非是因为资不抵债,而是偿付不能。一旦企业的现金流入无法支撑现金支出,出现到期债务无法偿还时,企业将面临破产风险。对个人而言,在银行个人贷款实际业务中,银行通常会要求提供每月工资收入的流水。只有借贷方的工资收入是月供金额的2倍时,银行才会给予相应的贷款。

在资产负债表上,现金流的作用并不限于确定个人贷款的数额,还能够全面掌握个人的资金流向。因此,在编制个人现金流量表时,还可以编制经营活动、投资、筹资等行业的现金流。当个人从经营、投资、筹资三个方面全面掌握现金流向后,相信一定能合理安排自己的开支,做好个人理财了。(经济日报记者 彭 江)

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