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全链条“设防” 资本市场“大投保”格局初现

2017-09-08 08:21:56   新华网

“下一步可以考虑推动落实投资者民事赔偿责任。证监会公布的案例主要是行政处罚,更多是代表国家公权力对这些违法违规行为的禁止和惩戒。”郭雳建议,接下来,在《证券法》修订时,可考虑将证监会的行政处罚同民事诉讼、民事维权更好地衔接起来,通过探索更好的救济机制,消除造成中小投资者维权难的制度障碍。

此外,黄炜透露,证监会将深入研究境外市场在个案处理上的其他经验做法,包括责令回购股权、通过公平基金赔偿投资者等,探索我国市场建立相关制度的可行性。

抓牢实质保护 升级投资者“安全网”

中国股市1.2亿散户投资者的最大实际,影响甚至决定了中国股市特有的风格,也成为中国资本市场监管者必须面对和解决的现实问题。中国证券报认为,依法、全面、从严监管的根本目的是保护投资者合法权益。资本市场监管应进一步夯实全链条落实投保要求的“大投保”理念,不断强化投保“硬约束”,升级投资者“安全网”。

“投资者保护重如泰山”,这是由中国股市特殊的投资者结构决定的。与很多境外成熟市场以机构投资者为主的投资者结构不同,中国股市有数量超过1亿的散户投资者,自然人占比超过99%,其中持股市值在50万元以下的中小投资者,占比超过95%。中小投资者在投资心理、交易习惯、判断能力、知识储备等方面与机构投资者存在明显差异。在决策层对中国股票市场的顶层设计中,“投资者权益得到充分保护”是其中的一项明确要求。

经过多年努力,投保制度已经成型,投保理念生根发芽,相应的损害赔偿救济制度也逐步落地,投资者保护步入了全链条贯彻落实、更加重视实质保护的新阶段。一方面,投资者保护的法律体系、政策体系、投资者适当性管理制度等制度建设逐步完善,制度基础更为扎实;投资者保护的组织体系、赔偿救济制度和方式不断丰富,方式方法更为多样。另一方面,投保要求贯彻到了股票发行、退市、并购重组、公司债券、再融资各个环节,防线前移,严把“产品关”。同时,围绕知情权、参与权、收益权、求偿权等各项基本权利,监管部门加强了对投资者权益的实质保护。

比如,投资者保护专门机构———中小投资者服务中心开展了匹凸匹、康达新材、上海绿新、安硕信息、海利生物、鞍重股份及“ST大控”等7起维权案件的诉讼工作。

当然,投保行稳致远还有待制度基石的进一步夯实、投资者“安全网”的不断升级。首先,不断完善与资本市场市场化、法治化、国际化发展要求相适应的制度框架。在正在推进的证券法修订中,投资者保护制度有望作出专章规定,增加规范现金分红、投资者适当性管理、投资者利益损失补偿、法律救济渠道等诸多方面的规定。同时,期货法、私募基金管理条例、上市公司管理条例等多部证券期货领域的法律、行政法规的制定或修改工作已经启动,公司法、刑法的修改工作也在研究推动中。

其次,完善投资者权益损害赔偿救济制度,提升侵害投资者合法权益等违法违规行为的惩治力度。比如,进一步完善证券侵权民事赔偿诉讼制度,推动法律修订提高处罚标准;尽快出台内幕交易、操纵市场等违法行为的民事诉讼司法解释,明确相关责任的构成要件、归责原则、赔偿标准等;建立代表人诉讼制度,授权有关单位代表投资者利益进行诉讼,健全代理人报酬激励机制。

此外,应加强投保与日常监管的无缝衔接,强化全链条贯彻投保要求的“硬约束”,划出投资者权益保护的红线。比如,有专家建议,监管部门建立中小投资者合法权益保障检查制度与评估评价体系,并以此作为日常监管和行政许可申请审核的重要依据。

实际上,除了法律保护、监管保护,投资者保护更重要的是自我保护。这有待于市场各方主体凝聚合力,不断推进投资者成熟,推进A股市场成熟。

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