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依法保护中小投资者权益
2017-09-04 07:05:59 中国经济网
我国对中小投资者权益的司法救济和行政救济正在紧锣密鼓地推进。上周,先是最高人民法院出台了《关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)》,其中一项重要内容就是明确股东请求分配利润的法定条件,禁止公司股东滥用股东权利拒不分配利润,可以说是专治一毛不拔的“铁公鸡”。随后,证监会主席助理黄炜在2017年国际证券投资者保护研讨会上表示,证券期货投资者的损害赔偿制度具有不同于一般民事损害赔偿的特殊性。要充分保障证券期货市场投资者,尤其是中小投资者的求偿权,就要在一般的民商事和民事诉讼法律规则基础上,体系化地构建出一整套符合证券期货市场特殊性的制度规则。
A股市场的确有其特殊性,即投资者中有超过90%是中小投资者。但是,A股这些“大多数”由于持股少、专业水平较低等原因,话语权较弱,在公司治理结构中长期处于弱势地位甚至被漠视。中小投资者行权渠道不畅通、不便利且成本高。当权益遭受侵害后,投资者往往选择用脚投票,一走了之。北京大学金融法研究中心的研究显示,所有因虚假陈述被起诉的上市公司,占比仅为40%,参与人数仅为全体股东的5%。这些数字反映出中小投资者维权意识淡漠和维权艰难。
与此相对应的是,部分上市公司大股东和实际控制人存在明显的权利滥用。最高人民法院的数据显示,近年来随着公司数量的快速增长,涉及公司治理和股东权利纠纷的案件逐年上升,占公司纠纷类案件的六成多。有的公司大股东违反同股同权原则和股东权利不得滥用原则,侵害中小股东的知情权,排挤、压榨小股东,长期不分配股利,但公司的董、监、高人员却领取过高薪酬。
应该说,我国在中小投资者权益保护领域已开展了一系列卓有成效的探索,包括公益机构支持诉讼、行政和解制度、证券期货纠纷多元化解机制以及先行赔付制度等,实践中也取得了不少成绩。比如,在欣泰电气欺诈发行案中,相关部门就成立了先行赔付基金,符合条件的投资者将获得赔偿。
但是,也应该看到,投资者权益损害赔偿制度正处于探索和不断完善中,部分法律法规还需要进一步修订。比如,现行证券法对操纵市场等违法违规行为,处罚不够严厉,导致法律震慑力不足。因此,实现中小投资者损害赔偿救济,有赖于市场参与主体权利义务和基础法律制度的不断完善。从这个角度来看,需要加大力度解决好中小投资者权益救济难题。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:温宝臣)
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