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科大讯飞口水仗告诉投资者什么?

2017-09-02 07:35:58   中国经济网

■申万宏源证券 桂浩明

科大讯飞是今年证券市场上的热门股,不仅股价表现良好,而且还获得了某国外主流媒体“最聪明的中国公司”的评价,俨然是人工智能风口上的代表性品种。不过也有人对此不屑一顾,甚至公开质疑其含金量不高,业绩与估值不匹配。当然,如果就科大讯飞的财务报表来看,也的确容易引起争议,因为公司主业的盈利情况并不太好,今年的中报显示,虽然其主营业务有一定的增长,但净利润却有较大幅度的下滑。而它去年看上去还不错的收益状况,不少是来自于非经常性损益项下。有人据此来抨击科大讯飞是“扩张快、效率低”、“擅长募资而不擅长赚钱”。一家在市场上大红大紫的公司,遭到如此尖锐的抨击,自然是件很受关注的事情。不过,与多数上市公司在遭遇舆论质疑时保持沉默,至多是就事论事地辩解一番不同,这次科大讯飞展开了全面反击,直言按批评者的逻辑,就没有当今的新型科技企业了。

这场围绕科大讯飞的口水仗,之所以引入关注,其实质并不是一场简单的估值之争,而在于反映了市场各界对于科技类公司的评价。而对于围观的群众来说,则是应该透过这场口水仗,来了解有关科技股投资的问题。事实上,之所以市场对科大讯飞在认知上存在差异,最关键的问题是判断其价值的视角不同。如果从要求有很好的现金流,以及不断提高的毛利率的角度出发,科大讯飞显然是不那么合格的,但是如果是考虑公司每年有多少研发投入以及由此形成多少专利、开发多少新产品,以及在市场上新产品的投放力度等角度来分析,那么科大讯飞无疑又是值得看好的。进一步说,对于那些科技类公司来说,情况也是同样的。现在大家都承认京东是个好公司,但是它创立那么多年,如今才刚刚开始有盈利,之前则是长时期的亏损。公司靠募集到的资金,不断开拓业务,以持续砸钱的方法,培育客户来接受它的经营模式。还有市值已经超过通用的特斯拉,到目前为止仍然没有能够实现盈利,它也是不断把钱投放到对新产品的开发上,以至于其产能远远跟不上市场需求,无法在规模化生产的基础上获取利润。如果是按常规模式来做,在有了产品,有了市场以后,就把这些先做大,这样也能够给投资者以回报。但京东也好,特斯拉也罢,还是在不断开拓并完善市场模式,进一步改进产品,延伸其技术含量,为的是更加切合市场需求,能够为未来的发展打开更大的空间。这样一来,短期收益肯定不明显,不断增加的投资还会吞噬利润,但换取的则是未来更高的效益。像微软、阿里、亚马逊等公司,也都经历了这样的发展过程,它们以前也曾经是不断烧钱而没有利润,但一旦走过来了,就能够收获辉煌。当然,也可能有企业走不过来,那么就只能是失败。投资科技企业,买卖科技股,其实就是面临这样的问题,你看中的是什么,是用什么样的标准来衡量公司的成败。当然,不同投资者的看法,都有其自己的道理,因此也就容易产生分歧。而看到了分歧以后,作为投资者,就有一个自己的选择:你是如何看待科技企业在发展中所出现的这种情况,认同的话,就坚持投资;不认同,那么可以退出。现在,无论是对科大讯飞,还是对其它一些科技类股票,人们所面临的问题是同样的。

今年以来,多数科技股表现一般,投资者更多是关注即期效益好的企业挂牌,这当然也没有错,由此也导致了包括银行股在内的一轮上涨行情。但是,市场是多元的,科技股同样也有它的发展空间,最近其走势就有所好转。对于投资者来说,的确有必要搞明白投资科技股的逻辑。如果在这方面还有疑问,那么不妨留意一下围绕科大讯飞的那场口水仗。

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