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ICO监管“靴子落地” 代币清退或成实施关键

2017-09-06 21:51:42   新华网

监管落地前,市场的疯狂超出了想象。如国内ICO项目量子链发行的代币,虚拟货币交易平台云币网数据显示,5月23日量子币上市交易当天涨幅达33倍,这是任何投资项目难以比拟的。

国家互联网金融安全技术专家委员会发布的《2017上半年国内ICO发展情况报告》指出,面向国内提供ICO服务的相关平台共计43家。2017年以来,通过上述平台完成的ICO项目累计融资规模折合人民币总计26.16亿元,累计参与人数达10.5万。

ICO疯狂的背后,难掩不少项目“圈钱”本质。国内一个名为EOS的区块链项目,仅5天就在ICO平台上融到折合1.85亿美元。7月2日,这一项目在二级市场市值冲到50亿美元。个别ICO项目发起人连“白皮书”也省去了。

有的传销组织甚至也伪装成ICO项目。近期被公安部门侦破的维卡币传销案,就是利用ICO非法牟利的“庞氏骗局”。迄今为止,恒星币、万福币、中华币,百川币、维卡币、珍宝币、五行币等,均是已经被查获和曝光的虚拟货币传销案,更多的则尚未浮出水面。打着ICO幌子行传销之实的传销项目,可以打出200%甚至2000%的收益率,诱惑性强,危害也更大。

薛洪言表示,监管落地后ICO泡沫的破灭会提高融资门槛,降低融资金额,但只有把劣质项目清除出去,真正有前景的项目才更容易脱颖而出。

 探索“监管沙盒”细化清退方案

监管落地后,多家平台暂停ICO业务目前正在有序进行,部分代币也将从交易所下架。但对于如何清退已完成和正在进行的ICO项目,以及如何处理进入二级市场的代币,目前还没有明确实施细则。这可能会成为下一步监管实施的重点和难点。

大成律师事务所律师肖飒表示,已募集比特币、以太坊但未发行代币、代币还未上交易所的ICO项目,将募集的币退还参与者并不复杂。对于已完成全流程、且代币已上交易所的,她建议后续应及时停止交易。在保障投资人利益前提下,借用上市公司“私有化”流程,规定某一时间前,以某一价格回购某代币,代币持有人自愿申报,不同意者再协商。

而最令投资者关心的是,在监管后,比特币、以太坊等虚拟货币及其交易所的监管方向是怎样的。

据国家互联网金融安全技术专家委员会发布的《7月份国内比特币交易情况监测报告》显示,2017年上半年,全球主要虚拟货币市值总和由177亿美元增长至1000亿美元。近四成虚拟货币市值增长10到50倍,有7%的市值增长超过100倍。

我国是世界上最大的比特币“挖矿”产出国,也曾是最大的比特币交易市场。随着虚拟货币盘子越来越大,参与者越来越多,牵一发动全身,下一步如何监管尤其需要谨慎。

“监管沙盒”被普遍认为是一种既能有效监管又鼓励创新的方式。“监管沙盒”是一个“安全空间”,在空间内,虚拟货币相关企业可以测试其创新的金融产品、服务、商业模式和营销方式,而不用在相关活动出现问题时才受到监管。

电子银行资深从业者马超建议,未来可对比特币等虚拟货币及其交易所实施“监管沙盒”。监管者在保护消费者权益、严防风险外溢的前提下,也可实现鼓励金融科技创新与有效管控风险的双赢。

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