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天弘余额宝收益率连年下降 逐年瓦解渠道优势

2017-09-04 09:41:05   中国经济网

其一,将设定对标货币基金投资债券与非金融企业债务融资工具的要求,禁止货币基金投资主体评级低于AA+以下的商业银行发行的存单;

其二,在上条的基础上,进一步限制对次高等级同业存单的投资比例,AAA级以下商业银行发行的同业存单的投资比例最高不得超过10%;

其三,规定同一基金管理人管理的全部货币基金投资同一商业银行的银行存款及其发行的同业存单与债券,不得超过该行净资产的10%。

客观地说,无论是同业存单监管新规,还是有关货币基金的新规(假定上述消息可靠),对天弘余额宝的直接影响并不大,因为根据定期报告,在该基金的收入构成中,同业存单的比重比较小。2017年上半年,在债券投资组合中,同业存单的摊余成本只占基金资产净值的2.37%,2016年的占比则是4.19%,2016年之前没有来自同业存单的投资收入。

显然,同业存单是天弘余额宝近两年才有的新兴业务。而随着监管新规的出台,这类原本大有发展的业务未来可能会有一定程度的收缩。数据显示,截至2017年6月,同业存单存量已达8万亿元,规模为两年前的5.7倍。

其实,相对于其对货币基金收入结构产生的直接影响,同业存单监管新规体现出来的监管精神,例如,近期对三套利——监管套利、空转套利、关联套利——的专项治理,以及远期对利率市场化进程的安排等,更是悬在货币基金运作者头顶的乌云。

收益率连年下降

不过,对天弘余额宝来说,现在迫切需要解决的问题是如何提升收益率。

与其他货币基金以及现金管理工具相比,天弘余额宝的渠道优势以及流动性优势——规模快速扩张的根本——是显而易见的,但是收益率的连年下降正在一定程度上瓦解这种竞争优势。

定期报告显示,2014年至2016年,天弘余额宝的份额净值增长率连年下滑,依次是4.8240%、3.6686%、2.5089%。2017年上半年,其份额净值增长率为1.8850%。根据Wind资讯,这个成绩在同期718只货币基金(A类、B类、C类分别计算)中排在第210位。

万份基金单位收益均值方面,2014年至2016年,天弘余额宝依次是1.5811元、1.2173元、0.8400元,在同类排行依次是第151位、第227位、第425位。2017年上半年,该基金万份基金单位收益均值为1.2879元,排在第265位。

根据定期公告,天弘余额宝的收入主要来自存款利息。2017年上半年,天弘余额宝总收入为250.77亿元,其中存款利息收入、债券利息收入、买入返售金融资产收入分别为190.44亿元、24.90亿元、35.24亿元,占比分别为75.94%、9.93%、14.05%。截至6月30日,该基金银行存款和结算备付金合计11891.05亿元,占基金资产的82.95%。

显然,这种收入结构主要源于其作为现金管理工具的定位。而目前市场上的现金管理工具,除余额宝外,主要有微信理财通、百度百赚、苏宁零钱包等,它们已与不同的货币基金对接。例如,与微信理财通对接的基金有易方达易理财(000359.OF)、汇添富全额宝(000397.OF)、华夏财富宝A(000343.OF)、南方现金通E等,与百度百赚对接的有华夏现金增利E(000353.OF)等。

Wind资讯显示,就与余额宝、微信理财通、百度百赚对接的上述6只基金而言,在万份基金单位收益均值排行榜上,2017年上半年,天弘余额宝排在第4位,2016年则排在最末一位。

在收入结构中存款利息的占比一项上,天弘余额宝以75.94%排在第一位,汇添富全额宝、易方达易理财、南方现金通E、华夏现金增利E、华夏财富宝A依次是70.67%、62.85%、56.45%、47.13%、43.65%。

作者:证券市场周刊

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