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监管打补丁 银行同业业务再遭“堵截”

2017-09-04 08:31:08   中国经济网

释放从严信号

虽然新规堵住了监管漏洞,但业内人士仍表示,该规定对市场影响有限,其中主要原因有两个:

一是一年期限的同业存单在同业存单总量中占比较小。央行数据显示,今年上半年1年期(不含)以上同业存单发行量和余额分别有372亿元和1115亿元,分别占其总量的0.4%和1.4%。

二是央行此次公告依然采用新老划断的方式,给予银行一定消化时间,并不会给短期流动性带来巨大的压力。申万宏源宏观团队在其研报中指出,9月同业存单到期量创历史新高,总金额超2万亿元,随后10月和11月到期量也都在1万亿元以上。限制新发同业存单期限不会对到期的同业存单的滚动产生影响,而目前监管还暂未从需求端限制同存投资,机构配置热情仍较高,总体来说资金面压力可控。

不过,申万宏源宏观团队也指出,此次新规也意味着同业存单市场将更规范有序。

具体来看,此次将同业存单的期限明确为不超过1年,是和《关于规范金融机构同业业务的通知》(127号文)对于同业融资业务最长期限不得超过1年的要求保持一致,有利于引导同业存单回归商业银行流动性管理的本质职能,也是配合监管对同业链条风险进行化解。同时,本次放开并鼓励1年期及以内期限的同业存单采用以Shibor为基准的浮动利率定价,也是利率市场化大环境的要求,有利于同业市场更好反映金融机构流动性状况。

除此之外,申万宏源宏观团队还认为,从近期监管措施的层次推进所释放的信号来看,未来同业存单监管有望进一步加强。

“一方面将进一步覆盖目前未纳入的银行,另一方面将从需求端进行管控,例如货基新规和将投资同业存单也纳入广义信贷。从这一点来说,同业存单的非理性扩张将成过去时。”该团队预计。

同业“缩表”提速

近年来,同业存单市场发展速度较快,规模日渐庞大,甚至成为部分银行的主要新增资金来源,但去年第四季度以来,监管部门屡次发文按下同业规模扩张“减速键”。

公开资料显示,今年上半年,银行业同业资产、同业负债规模双双收缩。第二季度末,商业银行同业资产余额和同业负债余额比年初均减少了1.8万亿元。同业业务增速由整治市场乱象之前的正增长转为目前的负增长;同业理财较年初减少了两万亿元;银行理财中的委外投资较综合治理前减少5300多亿元。

交通银行金融研究中心高级研究员许文兵在接受《国际金融报》记者采访时指出,同业业务的收缩也迫使银行将“表外转表内”。而这一点在上市银行的半年报中得到了体现。

《国际金融报》记者梳理上市银行今年上半年业绩报告发现,在同业业务发展规模受到进一步限制的情况下,多家银行正在加速调整业务结构,一方面收缩同业业务,一方面加快投放表内贷款,尤其是招商银行、中信银行、南京银行等部分股份制银行,持续加大对零售贷款投放态势明显,有将零售业务作为转型突破口之势。

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