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13.6亿债券连环违约 五洋建设债务危机持续发酵

2017-09-01 07:26:40   中国经济网

“企业看起来还在正常经营,就算本金偿还有困难,先偿还利息表明下态度也是可以理解的,五洋建设分文不出的做法让人气愤。”有投资者向记者表示。在他看来,债券发行人分明在恶意逃废债。

对此,中金固定收益研究报告称,发行人2015年受到子公司沈阳五洲出售固定资产的影响,建筑工程业务毛利润占比下滑至72.4%。由于房建业务盈利空间较窄,发行人综合毛利率基本稳定在7%至8%,盈利能力偏弱。2015年以来发行人业绩显著恶化,特别是2016年货币资金大幅减少导致短期流动性压力骤增,恶化程度远高于行业正常水平。另外,公司多次被列入失信名单,治理不佳也成为再融资的拖累。

局面复杂 维权不易

违约已成事实,违约债券的后续处置成为最受关注的问题。据统计,“15五洋债”投资者中个人投资者占比49.09%,机构投资者占比50.91%。“15五洋02”投资者中个人投资者占比57.68%,机构投资者占比42.32%。

对此,上交所则表示,支持债券投资者依法理性维权,也欢迎投资者提供发行人及相关中介机构违法违规的线索或证据,上交所将依法从严实施自律监管或转交相关方面严肃查处;涉嫌构成犯罪的,将依法移交司法机关查处。

“如果债券持有人会议未能通过授权议案,债券受托管理人就无法代理全体持有人采取一致行动。在这样的背景下,如果有投资者,尤其是对司法流程更为熟悉的机构投资者个别申请仲裁并获得支持,就有可能在其他未申请仲裁的投资者之前通过法院强制执行的方式获得一定偿还。在发行人最终能够全额偿还债券可能性较低的背景下,出现这样的情形显然对未申请仲裁的投资者不利。”有债券业务资深人士提醒。

为此,德邦证券此前公告称,拟于8月底召开“15五洋债”、“15五洋02”第二次债券持有人会议,寻求获得债券持有人授权德邦证券代表全体债券持有人申请仲裁以及申请或参与发行人破产。

不过,也有法律界人士指出,债券持有人也可以自行采取法律救济方式维权。例如,根据《破产法》等相关法律法规的规定和募集说明书等约定,自行向有关仲裁机构申请仲裁,或者向有关人民法院提出债务诉讼、财产保全,还可以向人民法院申请对债务人进行重整、和解或者破产清算。

就此次事件对债券投资者的借鉴意义,中信证券固定收益首席研究员明明表示,对于建筑施工企业而言,收入、利润和现金回款难以三者兼得,当营业收入增幅较大时需要尤其关注现金回款情况。

他认为,投资者可以从多种角度把握现金回款情况这一关键风险点。首先,从利润表和现金流量表角度,现金回款可以用收现比来衡量。其次,从资产负债表角度,现金回款状况可以从应收账款、其他应收款和存货科目的余额及坏账计提来衡量。此外,从非财务角度,现金回款程度也可以从企业资产变卖、涉及经济纠纷等事项来衡量。

“当通过以上三种方式来判断现金回款程度或有较大误差时,我们建议投资者在配置或交易建筑企业债券时可以适当要求一定折价。”明明补充道。

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