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金砖国家科技创新的现状与未来

2017-08-31 10:46:19   光明网

其中,对俄合作是双边合作的典范,主要方式为项目和基地;对印合作主要方式是人文交流;对南非合作主要是项目合作;对巴合作相对薄弱,人文交流处于起步阶段。

金砖国家科技合作产出情况

从总体上看,金砖国家合作申请的专利数量还很少。以世界知识产权组织专利合作条约(PCT)专利为统计口径:截至2014年年底,金砖国家间合作申请的PCT专利合计仅有56项。中国同俄罗斯合作申请的PCT专利为46项,但远小于同期中国与日本、欧盟、美国等国家或组织的合作申请数量。印度同金砖国家合作申请的PCT专利为38项,排名第二。俄罗斯13项,巴西11项,南非仅有4项。俄罗斯与南非之间没有共同的PCT专利申请。

可以发现,金砖国家尚未形成紧密的研究合作伙伴关系,但拥有巨大的国际合作潜力。2015年,中国研究人员与其他金砖国家同行合作完成的发表物数量占其国际合作发表物总量的比例仅为3%。巴西这一比例为9%,俄罗斯为10%,印度为11%,南非为15%。

金砖国家优先合作领域和共同资助机制

2015年,金砖国家科技部长签署了《莫斯科宣言》,重点提出建立联合创新平台,在自然灾害的预防和管理(由巴西牵头),水资源和污染治理(由俄罗斯牵头),地理空间技术及其应用(由印度牵头),新能源、可再生能源及能效(由中国牵头)和天文学(由南非牵头)等领域加强合作研究。

经分析评估,信息通信技术、纳米和新材料、先进制造和机器人、空间系统和天文观测、交通运输系统、能效和节能、核能、可再生能源、矿物资源勘探开发和挖掘、气候变化、环保和灾害管理、水资源、食品安全和可持续农业、健康和医药及生物技术这些重大科技发展领域可纳入金砖国家科技合作重点领域清单。

2016年,金砖国家决定共同资助科研项目。2017年7月,在杭州召开第五届金砖国家科技创新部长级会议之后,各方共同努力,落实了共同资助项目。

中国与金砖国家其他四国科技创新合作成效

先进适用技术惠及各方。金砖国际科技创新合作是在金砖机制内多双边合作的重要组成部分。通过和金砖国家开展先进适用技术合作,惠及当事国人民和所有参与方,展现了中国负责任大国的良好国际形象。如中国地质大学在印度西孟加拉邦的高砷地下水地区实施利用天然地质材料净化高砷水的处理技术,有效解决了当地饮水问题。

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