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得分变化情况
2001—2016年金砖国家综合创新竞争力评价指数的得分变化情况显示,16年来金砖国家综合创新竞争力总体水平在提升(见表1)。主要表现在:中国综合创新竞争力排名提升最快。在G20成员中,中国排名从2001年的第12位上升为2016年的第9位,是唯一进入前10位的发展中国家。金砖国家综合创新竞争力快速增加。过去16年间,金砖国家综合创新竞争力指数累计增加超过10%。各国综合创新竞争力增长率参差不齐。中国和俄罗斯增速较快,印度增速居中,巴西和南非增速趋缓(见图1)。
2.预测:综合创新竞争力指数继续分化
课题组以2001—2016年金砖国家的综合创新竞争力得分数值为基础,测算金砖国家未来5年创新指数及其在G20国家中的排名情况,并进行了相应分析(见表2)。
从排名预测结果看,中国排名有望从2016年的第9位进入前5位,位列美、日、德等国之后。金砖国家中,巴西和南非排名相对稳定。估测到2030年,五国综合创新竞争力将持续增强。这将表现在:中国综合创新竞争力将稳步提升,到2030年有望进入前3位。五国总体创新能力将有所提升。在各国不发生重大经济金融波动、国内动乱和重大自然灾害的前提下,综合创新竞争力指数将实现高于1.5%的年均增长,但可能仍低于G20成员的年均增长率。各国综合创新竞争力指数增长率将继续分化。俄罗斯综合创新竞争力增速可能下降,2030年俄罗斯综合创新竞争力增速可能被印度超过;巴西和南非增速低于五国平均值,南非有些年度甚至可能出现负增长。
3.现状:态势良好,但产出薄弱
中国与金砖国家其他四国双边科技创新合作情况
中国与金砖国家其他四国双边科技创新合作内容主要包括国际科技创新合作项目、基地和科技人文交流三个方面。
2007—2015年,中国政府支持与金砖国家其他四国双边科技创新合作项目665项,投入经费27.29亿元,项目数量和经费额度呈逐年上升趋势。合作领域主要集中在材料、工程、信息和生命等4个领域。2007—2016年,中国共建设与金砖国家相关的国家级国际科技合作基地数量为190个,涉及生命科学、先进制造、信息技术、材料科学、地球科学、能源环境、农业等7个领域。科技人文交流主要包括中方援外技术培训和杰出青年科学家来华工作计划。
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