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三问共享经济:自生抑或自灭? 亡羊之后补牢? 瞻前还是顾后?

2017-08-30 10:41:28   新华网

面对法律纠纷甚至起诉,是共享经济在发展过程中要面临的现实课题。

今年3月,上海一名11岁男孩在骑共享单车过程中被撞身亡。家长为此向肇事方和共享单车提供方ofo索赔合计878万元。

由于索赔金额数目巨大,案件迅速引发公众关注,舆论也成两极分化之势。

事实上,类似的事件并非个例。2017年1月1日至今,深圳市就已发生涉及共享单车的一般程序性交通事故15起,造成8人死亡、9人受伤。

事故的不断发生也引起相关部门重视。8月2日,交通运输部、中央网信办等10部门联合出台《关于鼓励和规范互联网租赁自行车发展的指导意见》要求:互联网租赁自行车实行实名制注册、使用;禁止向未满12岁的儿童提供服务;不得使用互联网租赁自行车载人;不得擅自加装儿童座椅……

但到了现实中,对骑行者的监管却显得力有不逮。记者在采访中发现:骑车闯红灯者有之,在车筐中装小孩者有之,未成年人骑单车的更是大有人在……

河南财经政法大学吕泓臣老师认为:一方面,新的经济模式就像婴儿一样,需要保护、扶持才能长大;但另一方面,还是要加快共享经济法律、法规和政策的制定,本着行业发展、保护用户权益的原则进行。

中国政法大学李俊慧教授也认为,以用户权益保护和公共利益保护为前提,在此基础之上,可以允许相关市场主体探索或创新。

瞻前还是顾后?

共享经济风起云涌,共享产品层出不穷。在这样的情形下,给相关部门的监管工作带来了巨大挑战。

随时出现新产品,也就意味着随时可能出现新问题。是提前对问题进行预判加以禁止?还是出了问题后再进行追责?这考验着相关部门的执法智慧。

在交通运输部等10部门发布的《关于鼓励和规范互联网租赁自行车发展的指导意见》中就提到:不鼓励发展互联网租赁电动自行车;鼓励互联网租赁自行车运营企业采用免押金方式提供租赁服务……

“鼓励”和“不鼓励”,这样的提法提供了一个比较大的弹性空间,对共享企业来说,也就有了更大的自主权。

事实上,更多企业还是立足自身的经济利益行事。以共享单车押金为例,目前少有企业愿意退出这块到嘴的“肥肉”。

企业有较大的自主权,就意味着有更多的投资者愿意进入共享领域。中国政法大学李俊慧教授分析认为:“如果把共享理解为租赁,法无禁止即可为。但是,对于目前打着‘共享’旗号的服务,还是需要分析其服务本质再做定论。”

李教授以共享睡眠舱为例,认为其就是打着“共享”旗号的产品,本质上名不正言不顺。“共享睡眠舱属于旅馆业服务,需要按照法律规定,取得相应的准入许可。”

李教授进一步分析认为:“从监管的角度看,法律规定需要事前取得准入许可的,需取得许可方可准入;法律未规定需取得准入许可的,则要更加重视事中和事后的监管;当然,有事前准入许可的领域也需要加强事中和事后的监管。总体来看还是需要具体问题具体分析。”

具体问题具体分析、收放有度,是不少业内人士对共享经济共同持有的观点。

同济大学交通学院潘海啸教授认为,共享经济离不开政府和企业的推动,未来共享经济比较好的运营模式是:政府与企业合作。这样既可以充分利用企业在成本控制、技术管理方式上的优势,又可以利用政府在引导和整合社会资源方面的优势,从而实现更好的服务。(本报记者 贺少成 实习生 晋学莹)

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