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大数据贵在应用

2017-08-30 09:52:39   新华网

一是不确定性,因为我们采集数据,不是整体或整群,只是部分,决定了样本的代表性有偏差。

二是共享非常困难,由我国长期条块分割造成,亟须建立一套很好的共享机制。

三是结合国情的大数据挖掘、分析、服务做得不到位。

四是不能总Fol l ow(追随),我们要创新。我在做空间规划,服务于国家区域决策的时候,发现东方的哲学、东方的思维也是挺好的,如果把这些应用到大数据中,我们会有很多创新。

五是大数据应用方面的复合型人才欠缺。我们不缺技术人才,但管理人才、复合人才,包括集成人才,我们奇缺。

如果我们解决了上述问题,从大数据应用的顶层设计建立标准,那么中国制造业或有赶超欧美的可能。

最近在做“一带一路”研究,我划分了世界三个制造业中心,最早是在西欧;第二是北美,以美国、加拿大为核心;第三,东亚地区,包括日韩、中国内地、中国台湾、香港等,甚至外扩到新加坡。未来制造业最有魅力的将是东亚。东亚面向大海,交通没有问题;有很好的腹地系统,可很好地支撑整个制造业;此外,东亚地区的外围,包括东南亚、南亚地区,人口众多,有很好的市场。中国要走在前头,须找到制高点,从哪里入手?我们不走欧洲、北美走过的老路,我们要走新的路,这个新道路正在探索中——如何通过大数据促进我们的管理更加有效,建立一套现代化的管理体系,通过现代化的管理体系辐射到行业管理,辐射到制造业及市场。一旦建立起这套体系,未来完成中国制造业转型升级,完成全球制造中心代际转化,就大有希望。

    国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部第一研究室主任王晓明:

    大数据应用须做顶层制度设计

汽车行业产业链较长,既涉及产品、制造,又涉及服务和使用,所以汽车领域的大数据应用,链条也较长,应用范围很广。

汽车行业业已存在的福特生产方式、丰田生产方式,实质是将生产侧的效率提升到最高水平。而汽车出厂后在使用端,其效率还有很大的挖掘空间。做个简单描述:一辆车一天可24小时使用,实际往往只使用三四个小时;一辆乘用车正常可以乘5个人,但是多数时间只坐一两个人……意味着汽车在使用端,作为社会资源的效率还有非常大的可挖掘空间。

由此,我们是不是可以把汽车制造和使用以及服务看成一个体系,通过大数据或信息化的技术和手段,比如平台,来实现从“制造+服务”的效率最优?这意味着我国可以通过此路径实现对丰田生产方式的超越,从汽车大国发展为汽车强国。

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