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价格上升和轻资产是牛股催化剂

2017-08-28 19:11:01   中国经济网

过去10年,日本陷入了通货紧缩,像房租、衣服、医疗品还是维持了一定的价格水准,在这些市场里能获胜的,往往是设备投资金额比较少的企业。

理论上,净利润和自由现金流是长期趋同的,当资本支出折旧摊销完,净利和自由现金流必然相等,但实际上资本支出是不断支出的,所以两者不可能相等,折旧摊销也不可能是真正的自由现金流,因此投资在设备和厂房上的资金往往运用效率很低,从这点来说,轻资产模式是优于重资产模式的。

看看日本主要企业过去10年间设备投资总额/过去10年间净利润的比例,可以发现,股价上升的企业,普遍有设备投资额较少的特点。优秀企业大都能把企业生产的设备投资额控制在利润范围内,同时资本市场也用股价的大幅上涨来回应。而那些年年需要大量投资设备的企业,则鲜有股价表现优秀的例子。

比如kakaku(2371),日本家喻户晓的家电价格比较网站“价格.com”,提供同一商品在不同网站和家电卖场的价格。今后的成长点主要着眼在美食频道和预约功能,类似中国的大众点评网。PE为18倍,PB为9倍,市值约200亿元人民币。债务是4.4亿元人民币,而净资产为24亿元人民币,其中厂房和设备仅7400万元人民币。可以看出,这家公司过去十年每年投资在设备上的资金都是微不足道的。

再看mthree(2413),医疗网络平台的日本头牌。积累了日本人的大量医疗数据,是护城河很高的无价宝。因为平台和程序容易开发,这种关键数据没有积累的话,就无法进入这一行业。PE为49.65倍,PB达13.55倍,市值近600亿元人民币。

西马诺(7309),世界知名的自行车零部件及周边的骑行用品、钓具和赛艇的生产商。PE为36倍,PB为3.56倍,市值1000亿元人民币。笔者曾经在日本看到过这家公司生产的世界顶级自行车专用的手工磨制小铃,价格是50000日元,折合人民币3500元。据营业员介绍,小铃摁下去的清音仿佛镰仓古寺初夏的钟声,让听者有薰薰然入禅之意。

东方乐园(4661),这家公司的设备投资额跟净利润差不多,但是股价大幅上涨,因为它是迪士尼公园的独家运营商。前文说过,人们有意愿花更多的钱在主题公园上导致股票上涨。虽然这几年东京迪士尼公园已经多次提高门票价格,却完全无法停止游客的脚步。今后伴随着迪士尼的进一步扩建,这家躺着挣钱的公司也有更上一层楼的机会。目前PE为37倍,PB为4倍,市值约1700亿元人民币。

nitori(9843),廉价家具店。低价格的同时能保证一定的品质,日本人特别是年轻人搬家多,家具换得也勤。目前PE为27倍,PB为4.52倍,市值约1200亿元人民币。

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