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益佰制药22亿商誉地雷

2017-08-28 18:51:02   中国经济网

此外,长沙建达投资管理有限责任公司、贵阳黔劲运输机械有限责任公司、海南长安医药销售有限公司也均是益佰制药收购而来,这三家公司并表后分别形成账面商誉6091万元、241万元、341万元。不过,益佰制药在财报中并未披露这几家标的资产的经营情况。

 费用高企吞噬利润

药企通常都具有极高的毛利率,益佰制药同样也不例外,2017年上半年高达73.47%,足以媲美贵州茅台(600519.SH)。但是如此高的毛利并没有传导至净利率,而是绝大部分被销售费用所吞噬。

依据财报,2017年上半年,公司销售费用高达9.85亿元,占收入的比例为50.46%。过去几年,公司销售费用率同样维持在高位,2014-2016年分别为55.35%、61.91%、49.82%。依据申万一级行业划分,目前,A股医药生物上市公司共有263家,按照2016年数据来看,益佰制药销售费用率排在第10位,明显高出其他医药类上市公司。

从细项支出来看,2017年上半年,益佰制药销售费用中支出比较大的科目有差旅费、会议费、开发费、促销费,分别为1.76亿元、1.78亿元、2.33亿元、2.25亿元,占销售费用的比例分别为17.9%、18.03%、23.7%、22.87%。

益佰制药2016年年报显示,公司销售人员并不多,只有907人,但是2017年上半年却花了高达1.76亿元的差旅费。这也就意味着,每个销售员花费的差旅费高达19.44万元,简单换算成全年每个销售员的差旅费支出要高达38.88万元,公司的销售人员真的需要这么多差旅费吗?此外,公司上半年会议费支出高达1.78亿元,按照上半年180天计算,每天的会议费支出就有99万元,难道每天都召开高大上的会议吗?另外,销售费用中的开发费和促销费又是什么性质的费用支出呢?这都有待上市公司给出合理的解释。

从公司的销售模式上来看,益佰制药实行集团销售统一管理,采用自建营销队伍进行专业化学术推广、招商代理、普药与零售助销四位一体的模式,以实现对医院机构终端、零售药店终端和第三终端的覆盖。在中国,由于处方药不可以进行广告宣传,再加上产品本身的专业性比较强,所以不少药企采用学术推广会的形式进行销售,然而这种做法非常容易引起行贿等腐败现象,2014年,葛兰素史克、赛诺菲、诺华等外资医药企业在中国连续传出涉嫌贿赂的丑闻,大多都是假借学术推广的名义进行的。

与销售费用高企形成鲜明对比的是,公司2017年上半年研发支出却少的可怜,只有2868万元,占营业收入的比例只有1.47%,明显低于不少知名药企。而且,与往年相比,2017年上半年,公司研发支出同比减少30.36%,这也就意味着上市公司在压缩研发方面的支出。

对于药企而言,研发投入决定未来的核心竞争力。而益佰制药这种压缩研发支出、依赖销售维持增长的做法,属于本末倒置,难有持续性,同时有损上市公司的中长期竞争力。

此外,益佰制药的在建工程也存在一些蹊跷之处。财报显示,截至2017年6月30日,公司2010新版GMP改造工程、“南诏药业-异地GMP项目改造项目”的工程进度均为100%,这也就意味着这两项工程已经完工了,但是却仍然挂在在建工程科目下,期末账面余额分别为1896万元、439万元,公司存在延迟转固粉饰业绩之嫌。

对于以上种种疑问,《证券市场周刊》记者尝试采访上市公司,但截至发稿未获回复。

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