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使用外资增速或由负转正 对外投资降幅有望收窄

2017-08-26 07:06:12   中国经济网

对外投资方面,我国对外投资规模的存量较小,正处于增长周期,未来仍有很大的发展空间。同时我国国际产能合作日益深化,国内部分产业转移至国外的内在需求依然较强,而且部分行业的核心技术被国外垄断,企业管理水平较国外存在一定差距,发达国家的高技术产业与现代服务业具有较大的吸引力,我国企业“走出去”保持着较强的内生动力。此外,随着“一带一路”国际高峰论坛的召开,我国与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的交流合作取得新的进展,也有利于扩大相关国家的投资规模。综合判断,在加强对外投资监管以及高基数等情况下,我国对外投资仍将保持负增长态势,但降幅有望收窄。

(一)促进利用外资增长的有利因素

1、全球对外直接投资预期回暖

联合国贸发会议公布的《2017年世界投资报告》认为,由于地区经济增长预期向好、贸易增长复苏以及企业利润回升,全球投资呈温和复苏态势,预计2017年全球外商直接投资将升至1.8万亿美元,同比增长5%,到2018年投资规模会进一步升至1.85万亿美元。对全球跨国企业的调查显示,在未来三年内,我国仍将是外商直接投资青睐的目的地,跨国企业对我国的投资信心依然较强。因此,外部投资环境的改善将为我国吸引外资提供有利空间。

2、我国综合竞争力进一步提升

瑞士洛桑管理学院最新发布的《2017年度世界竞争力报告》显示,在衡量竞争力因素的指标当中,我国在“经济表现”、“政府效率”和“营商效率”方面有着明显提升,从而令我国在全球最具竞争力的63个经济体中排名升至第18位,较去年上升7个位次,我国竞争力的提升对吸引外资形成有利支撑。此外,随着“大众创业、万众创新”的推进、人力资本红利的释放以及研发支出的增加,我国创新能力不断增强。世界知识产权组织联合发布的《2017年全球创新指数报告》显示,在127个国家和地区中,我国创新能力排名第22位,较去年提升3个位次,也是唯一进入前25名的中等收入国家,创新能力与发达经济体的差距逐步缩小,新的比较优势正在形成,特别是部分知识密集型行业的竞争优势已经显现,将成为我国吸引外资的新动能。

3、政策红利持续加码

今年年初,国务院出台了20条措施,从扩大对外开放水平、为外商提供良好的投资环境等方面加强对外资的吸引力度,包括修订《外商投资产业指导目录》,放宽服务业、制造业、采矿业等领域的外资准入限制,鼓励外商企业与“中国制造2025”战略对接,引导资金投向高端制造、智能制造、绿色制造,加强外商知识产权的保护,支持外商投资企业拓宽融资渠道等。而作为对外开放新高地的自贸试验区也不断深化改革和创新,《自由贸易试验区外商投资准入特别管理措施(负面清单)(2017年版)》将负面清单内容进一步缩减,管理措施由122项减少至95项,涉及条目由50个减少至40个,在简化行政审批手续并提升投资便利化水平的同时,也令外商投资的开放度、透明度提升。随着改革新政的陆续落地,我国将会吸引更多的国外投资者来华投资。

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