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印度上调进口关税 马棕油出口雪上加霜

2017-08-25 09:16:45   中国经济网

表为印度植物油进口税率变动

进口税率上调后,棕榈油和豆油进口成本大幅增加。按照印度7月植物油进口CIF平均价格测算,上调税率后,精炼棕榈油进口成本增加68美元/吨,毛棕榈油进口成本增加51美元/吨,毛豆油进口成本增加40美元/吨。这样一来,进口植物油就丧失了价格优势。

高关税条件下,预计印度植物油市场将进入去库存阶段,而且会优先消费国产植物油,待供应出现缺口,再通过进口来补充。可以说,印度的植物油进口一定程度上被高关税所抑制。

表为印度植物油进口CIF价格(美元/吨)

不过,这种抑制作用也不可过分夸大。印度国内植物油供应毕竟有限,并不能完全满足消费。根据USDA的预估,2016/2017年度,印度植物油产量增加108.8万吨,而消费量增加96.4万吨。产量增幅与消费量增幅相比,仅小有剩余。可以预计,2016/2017年度,印度植物油进口量将维持2015/2016年度的水平,或者略有下滑。SEA给出的印度2015/2016年度植物油进口量为1474万吨。假定2016/2017年度,印度植物油进口量减少10万吨,那么该年度印度植物油进口量就在1464万吨,调整幅度并不大。可以看出,关税调整引起的旧季供需平衡表调整对全球市场会产生利空影响,但影响有限。

中长期看,压榨速度相对缓慢和新季油籽种植面积缩减支撑印度植物油进口量维持高位。根据印度政府最近公布的种植数据,印度2017/2018年度油籽种植面积大幅减少,从2016/2017年度的1711.5万顷萎缩至1542.9万顷。USDA预计,这将导致印度油籽产量减少150万吨。油籽减产将抵消高关税带来的利空效应。

而短期看,进口关税的上调导致印度植物油消费回落,印度油脂市场进入去库存阶段。根据SEA的数据,截至7月末,印度植物油库存为246.3万吨,处于历年同期的高位。按照印度每日约6万吨的植物油消费量来测算,不考虑新增压榨产出,即便消耗原有库存,也需要42天。可以预计,未来两个月,印度植物油整体进口状况堪忧。

图为印度植物油期末库存(万吨)

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