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印度上调进口关税 马棕油出口雪上加霜

2017-08-25 09:16:45   中国经济网

鉴于此,印度植物油进口政策的变化会对全球市场产生影响。

印度植物油市场进口依赖度较高

印度的植物油生产以豆油、菜油、花生油和棉籽油为主,四种油脂占植物油总产量的近90%。目前,印度植物油年度产量在500万—700 万吨,消费量超过2000万吨。

图为印度植物油年度产量(千吨)

随着人口的增加,印度近几个年度的植物油消费量呈平稳增长态势,增长额在100万吨左右,增长率约为5%。需求欣欣向荣,但国内供应并未取得与之相匹配的增长,2014/2015和2015/2016年度甚至还出现了较大幅度的减产。这使得印度植物油市场的对外依存度逐步提升。价格低廉的植物油大量涌入印度,与其国产油脂形成竞争,印度国内的油籽种植遭到严重冲击。

印度生产的菜油、花生油、棉籽油等植物油基本用于国内消费。除此之外,还需进口植物油来补充。由于棕榈油、豆油及葵油价格较为低廉,印度的植物油进口以这三种油为主。其中,棕榈油价格最低,进口量也稳居首位,来自马来西亚和印尼的棕榈油占比超过50%,其精炼和毛棕榈油占印度植物油进口总量的比例分别为17.80%和39.01%;来自巴西的豆油,占印度植物油进口总量的比例为28.73%;来自乌克兰的葵油,占印度植物油进口总量的比例为10.29%。

随着植物油消费量的增长,印度植物油进口量也呈增长态势。2010/2011年度,进口总量为867万吨,2015/2016年度调高至1474万吨,增幅近70%。而在2016/2017年度,印度植物油产量出现3个年度以来的首次增长,增幅为109万吨,基本可以抵消国内近100万吨的年消费量增幅。国内增产,让印度植物油进口变得扑朔迷离。

图为印度植物油年度进口量(万吨)

上调进口税率削弱印度进口热情

原本,国外进口的棕榈油、豆油及葵油较国内生产的植物油更具价格优势,印度国内植物油丰产对进口的影响有限。2016年11月—2017年7月,印度植物油进口总量为1138.83万吨,与2015/2016年度同期的1090.37万吨相比,尚有4.44%的增幅。不过,印度政府为了保护本国油籽种植,维持葵油进口税率不变,将毛棕榈油、精炼棕榈油和毛豆油进口税率分别从7.5%、15.0%和12.5%上调至15%、25%和17.5%。

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