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新三板做市商制度实施三年 竞争性不足等难题待解

2017-08-25 07:16:38   中国经济网

在做市业务的带动下,到2014年年底,做市转让股票数量已达到122只。2015年年初至4月7日,做市转让热度蹿升,三板做市指数飙升至2673.17点这一历史最高点,期间挂牌公司掀起一轮协议转做市的高潮。

做市股票数量低位徘徊

三板做市指数处于下跌态势

然而,在整个A股市场2015年遭遇异常波动前夕,新三板市场提前出现流动性拐点,但2015年10月份分层制度征求意见稿发布,新三板市场又迎来了第二次活跃期,期间做市转让股票的数量仍然在迅速增加,到2015年年底,做市转让股票数量已达1100多只。

联讯证券研究院新三板研究组负责人彭海向《证券日报》记者表示,在经历了做市转让带动市场流动性繁荣之后,2016年,形势却出现了新的变化,现行做市制度的弊病开始凸显,市场对做市转让的热情在逐渐下降。尽管挂牌企业数量继续突飞猛进,但做市转让成交额却始终在低位徘徊。

2016年9月份,全国股转系统发布《私募机构全国股转系统做市业务试点专业评审方案》,正式启动私募参与做市商的基础性工作。当年12月份还公布了首批10家参与做市业务试点的私募机构名单。但时至今日,私募做市试点仍未正式开启。并且私募做市试点并未改善市场对于做市转让的低迷预期。

据联讯证券研究院新三板研究组统计,2016年第三季度以来,新三板做市转让股票数量增长接近停滞,2016年6月底做市股票数量为1570家,到12月底,做市股票数量1654家,总量上仅增加了84家。甚至2016年第四季度做市股票总量仅增加了14家。另外还曾出现挂牌企业扎堆从做市转协议的情况。

截至2017年8月24日,共有1497家挂牌企业选择做市转让方式,但仅有92家做市商,且均为券商。另外,自今年3月29日以来至8月24日,三板做市指数整体处于下跌态势,累计跌幅为12.33%。

市场期待做市商扩容

可转为混合做市商制度

目前,不仅做市转让陷入低迷,而且新三板整个市场也遭遇流动性困境。但有市场人士表示,做市商制度并非简单地提供了一种新的交易方式,更不能将市场流动性低迷归咎于做市商制度,因为市场流动性的完全改善受制于诸多因素,除交易制度以外,还包括挂牌公司股份的分散程度、市场可流通股份的总量、投资者结构、投资者的交投意愿等。

付立春表示,“当前市场面临如做市商数量少,难以形成竞争报价;做市商仍以券商为主,多样性亟待完善;做市商盈利模式异化等挑战。”

南山投资创始合伙人周运南8月24日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,目前做市转让方式存在两大不足,一是做市转让下的大宗交易不便捷;二是做市商数量和做市资金规模不足严重制约做市业务的发展。

对此,周运南建议尽快推出盘后大宗交易制度,弥补做市交易不方便进行大宗交易的短板,同时尽快启动已获批的10家私募做市试点工作,为市场输送新鲜力量。

“另外可以尝试推出混合做市制度。”周运南建议。

付立春也建议,加速完善私募做市制度,如可以考虑公募基金、保险资金、社保、QFII、RQFII等纳入做市商范畴中,实现做市商的多样化,配合大宗交易平台的推出缓解承接压力。未来通过在精选层试行“做市+竞价”混合交易模式,实现整个新三板自上而下的流动性改善。

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