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五洋债违约逾一周 理性处置方案待解

2017-08-24 08:52:00   新华网

距离“15五洋债”、“15五洋02”(下称五洋债)实质性违约已过去一周,在刚性兑付逐渐退出的背景下,这两只公募债持有人应当以何种方式才能最大限度地保障合法权益,考验着涉事各方的智慧。

五洋债承销商及受托管理人德邦证券方面告诉记者,目前,德邦证券有工作人员驻守在发行人五洋建设现场。五洋建设方面虽表示正在努力筹措偿债资金,但至今未见实质性进展或举措。与此同时,五洋建设2016年年报及之后的财务数据至今未见披露,其资产状况处于极度不透明的状态。这些都令投资者对发行人配合履行偿债义务的诚意产生怀疑。

如此,通过法治化的途径推进五洋债后续处置已势在必行。目前,五洋建设资产不明、债台高筑,并身陷多起债务诉讼的被执行人之列。因此,业内人士认为,作为无担保信用债的持有人,要最大限度地保障自身合法权益,需要在法律框架内果断作为。

一位资深债券市场从业人士告诉记者,债券发行人出现债券违约时,其银行信贷、日常经营中的各类上下游债务关系也一定处于不正常状态。这种状态下的企业资产就像“夏天的冰激凌”,很容易快速消散。而信用债的偿债顺序又比较靠后,持有人要保障自身权利必须尽快采取法律行动。

法律界人士告诉记者,目前五洋债持有人的司法救济途径,有申请仲裁和申请发行人破产两条路径。其中,申请仲裁的周期相对较短,可以以最快速度申请相当于五洋债总规模13.6亿元的财产保全。

根据德邦证券此前公告,拟于8月31日召开持有人大会,寻求获得债券持有人授权德邦证券代表全体债券持有人申请仲裁。与此同时,德邦证券也接受投资者个别授权德邦证券代理申请仲裁。

有投资者告诉上海证券报记者:“第一次持有人大会没能通过全体授权给德邦,我担心这次可能也有问题,所以做了单独授权,这样能确保自己搭上仲裁这班车。”

据了解,目前个别授权德邦证券代理申请仲裁的投资者已占债券总规模的10%,且正在不断增加中。

除了申请仲裁,申请破产对投资者来说也是一条操作性较强的司法救济途径。申请破产清算一旦获得受理,法院将指定管理人对企业整体的债权债务情况、财务状况、资产状况等进行彻底的清查、梳理,并中止其他债权人处置和冻结企业资产,甚至在一定条件下撤销破产受理前6个月的个别清偿和破产受理前1年的不合理清偿,从而更大程度地追回债务人的资产。

同时,若管理人在清查梳理企业资产的同时,发现企业具有重整潜力,也可以随时将破产清算改为破产重整,最大限度保障债权人利益。

有债券处置资深实务人士告诉记者,申请破产清算对信用债持有人来说更具意义。由于信用债偿债顺序在具有担保抵押的银行等债权人之后,如果任由这些债权人个别处置企业抵押资产,可能由于种种原因使得资产最终变现的价格偏低,使得可以供偿还信用债持有人的资产残值更少。而申请破产清算获受理后,企业所有资产都将由法院指定管理人统一处置分配。

据了解,目前五洋债持有人中已有机构投资者准备向法院申请破产清算。

值得注意的是,中国证监会已在今年8月向五洋建设出具调查通知书,指五洋建设涉嫌违反证券法律法规,决定进行立案调查。业内人士指出,若证监会调查认定在五洋债发行过程参与各方存在违法违规行为并作出处罚,投资者可据此另行向涉事各方追责,与目前通过法律手段进行五洋债后续处置并不冲突。(记者 浦泓毅)

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